Nutrition Final Exam

Modules 1,2, 3, 4, 5, HW Mods 1-4 ,

Which of the following are required to be included on food labels?

List of common food allergens. Fat content.

T or F: Water is considered one of the six essential nutrients.

True

Using the food label provided below, what percent Daily Value of saturated fat is provided?

5%

T or F: Plant-based diets tend to be high in cholesterol.

False

The ____________ requires that nutrition labels be included on all packaged food items.

FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

The information on the food item below, says that it “supports brain health.” This is which type of food claim?

Health claim

A food product ingredient label reads: wheat flour, vegetable shortening, sugar, salt, and cornstarch. What item would contribute the greatest amount of weight in that food?

Wheat flour

Which of the following best describes “Daily Values” information on a food label?

The amount of a nutrient provided per serving for someone consuming 2000 calories daily.

The information on the food item below says this product “can help lower cholesterol.” Which type of food claim is being made?

Health claim

Silicon dioxide is a food additive that is commonly known as…

sand.

T or F: TBHQ is a common food preservative derived from petroleum that has been shown to be carcinogenic (causes cancer).

True

Percent Daily Values on a nutrition facts label are based upon a _______ calorie diet.

2000

T or F: A loaf of bread can claim to be made of “100% whole wheat” but still contain many other ingredients.

True

The three macronutrients includes all of the following except: nucleic acids, fats, proteins, carbohydrates

Nucleic acids

The information on this food item below, says that it is “low fat.” Which type of food claim is this?

Nutrient claim

Food labels are required to list all of the following except: Serving size, Nutrients, Daily Values, Water content

Water content

Which of the following is true regarding serving sizes?

They must be based upon the amount people typically consume.

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fat is

20-35%

The BMI chart is shown below. An adult weighing 60kg with a height of 5’2” would be considered…

healthy weight

U.S. nutritional guidance is published by which agency?

Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP)

One gram of protein provides __ calories.

4

T or F: If an individual is consuming the RDA of a nutrient, it can be assumed that they are most likely meeting their individual need for that nutrient.

True

T or F: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) is a given range of calories for each macronutrient and it is the same caloric range for all individuals.

False

Most of the calories in a person’s diet should come from which macronutrient?

Carbohydrates

T or F: Consuming a nutrient at a level above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is recommended because it ensures an individual is getting a sufficient amount of that nutrient.

False

Which DRI is used to determine an individual’s energy needs in calories?

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

T or F: Macronutrients include vitamins and minerals and are needed in smaller amounts.

True

Body Mass Index is based upon which measurements?

Height and weight

Which of the following are considered “macronutrients?”

Carbohydrates, protein, fats

The graph below shows the EAR for a nutrient. Those who require an amount of a nutrient above the EAR value _______ getting enough of that nutrient.

are not

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) vs. the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)?

The EAr is the nutrient intake that meets the needs of 50% of a population, while the RDA is the amount that meets the needs of almost 100% of that population.

Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)

Uses the EAR of a nutrient to set a requirement that meets the needs of most of a population.

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

Average calorie intake needed to maintain weight in healthy individuals.

Adequate Intake (AI)

Guidelines for nutrients that do not have sufficient scientific data to establish an EAR for that group.

Upper Limit (UL)

The maximum amount of a nutrient that should be consumed daily.

The first dietary recommendation in the United States were published by which organization?

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)

An individual who is sedentary would need ____ calories compared with someone with a high level of activity.

fewer

Micronutrients include all of the following except: calcium, protein, potassium, niacin

protein

Energy (calories) in food comes from _________.

macronutrients

Constipation can be caused by…

taking iron supplements, inadequate dietary fiber

Match the digestive secretion with its substrate. Peptidase

Protein

Match the digestive secretion with its substrate. Lipase

Fats

Match the digestive secretion with its substrate. Amylase

Starch

Number “7” on the diagram corresponds to the

Pancreas.

The primary energy sources for cells is…

glucose.

Number “2” on the diagram corresponds to the…

Salivary glands

The digestive system includes several _________, which are rings of muscle that tighten to control passage of partially digested food.

sphincters

Mechanical digestion occurs in the

mouth and stomach.

__________ is partially digested food combined with liver and pancreatic secretions.

Chyme

_________ reactions break larger molecules into smaller molecules.

Catabolic

GERD stands for

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

_________ removes any material that was not absorbed by the GI tract.

Excretion

Which of the following enzymes that digest carbohydrates?

Lactase, amylase, sucrase

Number “4” on the diagram corresponds to the

Liver

Number “1” on the diagram corresponds to the

Mouth

Catabolic reactions _____ energy.

release

Number “3’ on the diagram corresponds to the

esophagus

Weak intestinal walls can result in the formation of…

diverticuli.

The digestive system (or gastrointestinal tract) is

a long tube that performs the function of selective absorption of nutrients.

GERD is the result of

acid from the stomach following back up into the esophagus.

The process of breaking molecules into their subunits through chemical and mechanical processes is called

digestion.

Number “10” on the diagram corresponds to the

large intestine

Anabolic reactions _______ energy.

require

Match the structure of the digestive system with a secretion it produces. Pancreas

Lipase

Match the structure of the digestive system with a secretion it produces. Mouth

Salivary amylase

Match the structure of the digestive system with a secretion it produces. Liver

Bile

Match the structure of the digestive system with a secretion it produces. Stomach

Pepsin

Which statement is incorrect regarding PDCAAS?

It is a way to measure fat vs protein intake.

T or F: Foods with a low Glycemic Index rapidly increase blood glucose levels.

False

Research has shown that consuming high amounts of cholesterol results in an increase in ______ cholesterol.

LDL

Which of these is the carbohydrate that humans use to store glucose?

Glycogen

This macromolecule is a precursor for hormones such as estrogen.

Lipids

This macromolecule function in cell recognition and immunity.

Protein

This macromolecule is a fast source of energy for a cell’s metabolism.

Carbohydrates

Previously, you learned about Celiac Disease. Celiac is an immune response to…

gluten, which is a protein found in many grains.

This image represents which type of fatty acid?

Saturated fatty acid

What could be the consequence of a polypeptide (chain of amino acids) in which the amino acids are not in the correct sequence?

The resulting protein may not be the correct shape.

Calculate the calories from carbohydrates in one serving of the whole wheat cracker nutrition panel below.

10g - 1g of fiber = 9g x 4 kcal/g = 36 kcal

Insulin acts to _______ the amount of glucose in the bloodstream.

decrease

Kuru, a degenerative wasting disease, is caused by consuming

human protein.

T or F: Monounsaturated fats have one double bond and polyunsaturated fats have multiple double bonds.

True

Unsaturated fatty acids are ______ at room temperature. This is because they ___ have double bonds.

liquid; do

This macromolecule is a fast source of energy for a cell’s metabolism.

Carbohydrates

This macromolecule is used for long-term energy storage.

Lipids

This macromolecule performs chemical reactions and regulates cellular processes.

Proteins

______ is/are and example of a protein. The monomer of a protein is a(n) _______.

Enzymes; amino acid

Calculate the grams of starch in one serving using the nutrition panel below.

10g of carbs - 1g fiber - 1g sugars = 8g of starch

What is the order of carbohydrates from largest to smallest?

Polysaccharide → Disaccharide → Monosaccharide

T or F: Diets containing a high ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids have been linked to lower rates of heart disease.

False

LDL

Transports cholesterol from the liver to cells

HDL

Transports cholesterol from blood to liver

Cholesterol

Regulate plasma membrane fluidity and hormone precursor

Phospholipids

Make up most of the cell membranes

Triglycerides

Long term energy storage molecules

Foods with a low Glycemic Index/Load are healthier compared with those having a high GI/GL because…

they maintain a more stable blood glucose level.

Fiber mainly comes from _________ and ________ provide calories.

cellulose; does not

Saturated fatty acids are ________ at room temperature. This is because they _____ have double bonds.

solid; do not

As blood sugar decreases, the pancreas secretes _________ which stimulates the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream.

glucagon

Proteins are polymers (chains) of ________.

amino acids

T or F: Cholesterol is an essential nutrient that must be supplied by the diet.

False