Research Methods

Hindsight Bias

The tendency to anticipate the outcome of an event after it occured

Confirmation Bias

Individuals attend to info that is aligned with their values, POV and beliefs

Experimenter Bias

Researchers unknowingly influence the researchs outcome

Self-Report Bias

Participants inaccurately report behaviors, feelings, or attitudes often due to memory issues

Social Desirability

Participants answer dishonestly to match experimenters expectations

Sampling Bias

The sample is NOT representative of the population from which it is drawn

False-Consensus Bias

Overestimation of how many others agree with ideas or beliefs

Case Study

Investigation into an individual or group with an unusual specific trait

Meta Analysis

Statistical combination of results from 2+ studies brought together

Naturalistic Observation

Natural behavior, observing and recording, people in their natural habitat without knowing they are being watched

Correlation

Measuring relationship between 2 variables

Third Variable Problem

An undiscovered causative variable, the sun affecting ice cream sales AND sunburn

Illusory Correlations

Perceiving a relationship where none exists or Perceiving a stronger relationship, one sided relationship

Regression toward the mean

The tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back towards the average

Operational Definition:

A statement used to define research variables with precise procedures and measures

Experimental methodology

a research method where the researcher manipulates one or more variables to observe the effect on another variable, allowing cause and effect