Pulse, Blood Pressure, and Oxygen Therapy

Define pulse

a rapid and efficient way to access cardiovascular function

What is the relationship between blood pressure and pulse

indirectly proportional

low blood pressure = high pulse

high blood pressure = low pulse

What is a normal adult pulse rate?

60-100

What is a normal child pulse rate?

70-120

What is a normal infant pulse rate?

120

What are the areas of assessment for pulse rate?

• apical

• radial artery

• brachial artery

• carotid

How is an apical pulse rate measured?

using a stethoscope

Which area is best to be used to a child’s pulse rate?

apical

where is the brachial artery for an adult

in the antecubital fossa

If a patients pulse is weak, slow, or rapid, what should you do?

report it to the doctor

T/F: athletes tend to have a slow pulse

true

If a patient has a rapid heart rate, they most likely have ___

tachycardia

If a patient has a slow heart rate, they most likely have ___

brachycardia

What is blood pressure defined as?

force exerted on the arterial walls during contraction and relaxation of the heart

Peak pressure during contraction is systolic or diastolic?

systolic

the heart at relaxation is known as

diastolic

The first beat that is heard is the ___ and the last beat heard is the ___

systolic and diastolic

What unit is used for blood pressure

mm Hg

T/F: when taking a patients blood pressure, the arm must be raised to the level of the heart

true

Where is the stethoscope placed when taking blood pressure?

brachial artery (antecubital area)

A normal blood pressure is:

120/80

Prehypertension is:

121-139/80-90

Stage 1 of hypertension:

140/90

Stage 2 of hypertension:

160/100

Hypotension:

95/60

T/F: hypotension is caused by shock

True

___ min without oxygen causes irreversible damage to the brain

6

Define hypoexmia

low oxygen in the blood

Define hypoxia

low oxygen in the tissues

Which organs are most susceptible to hypoxia?

brain, heart, lungs, and liver

What fraction of patients receive oxygen therapy to minimize cardiopulmonary workload

1/3rd

Who can administer oxygen?

physician

What unit is used to measure oxygen?

L/min

What color are oxygen cylinders and what are they used for?

green - used for transport

A ____ acts as a connection between the source and the gas

flow meter

What is the most common oxygen delivery device?

nasal cannula

At what rate does oxygen flow when using a nasal cannula?

1-6 L/min

When using a nasal cannula, when should humidifiers be used?

when oxygen level reaches 4 L/min or more

List all the types of masks:

• Simple

• Partial rebreathing

• Nonrebreathing

• Aerosal

• Tent

• Oxyhood

What flow rate of oxygen is used for a simple mask?

6 L/min

T/F: partial rebreathing masks have a reservoir attached

true

What flow rate of oxygen is used for a nonrebreathing mask?

10 L/min

When is an aerosol mask used?

when there is a need for high oxygen and high humidity

What is attached to an aerosol mask?

a nebulizer

When are tents used?

on children with croup

When are oxyhoods used?

on infants

What does a pulse oximeter measure and how?

the hemoglobin oxygen saturation by using a light-emitting probe

What is the average percentage of pulse oximeter?

92%-100%

What types of things affect a pulse oximeter reading?

• patient movement

• nail polish

• loose electrode

• low blood pressure

What is an adverse affect of too much oxygen?

toxicity (mild or severe), COPD, and infections/bacteria

What happens if there is mild oxygen toxicity

reversible tracheobrochitis

What happens if there is severe oxygen toxicity

irreversible lung disease

A restrictive condition means the patient can’t get air in/out

in

Obstructive conditions means the patient can’t get air in/out

out

A restrictive condition can be ____, ___, or ___

intrapulmonary, extrapulmonary, or abdominal

What are the types of restrictive intrapulmonary conditions?

ARDS, tumor, and sarcoidosis

What are the types of restrictive extrapulmonary conditions?

Flail chest, pneumothorax, and scoliosis

What are the types of restrictive abdominal conditions?

Pregnancy, ascites, and obesity

What are the types of obstructive conditions?

Bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, and emphysema