Autoimmunity Anguera

what is autoimmunity?

responses directed against self (auto) antigens that result in inflammation and destruction of healthy tissues

what does autoimmunity reflect?

failure of self-tolerance

what factors can lead to autoimmunity?

sex, enviro, genetic

when does the disease present in autoimmunity?

years later

what is key about the manifestations of autoimmunity?

heterogenous so they are different from person to person

how does self and non-self ligands distinguish between eachother?

tolerization, central tolerance, and peripheral tolerance

are self and non-self ligands mechanisms error-prone?

yes, they all act synergistically to protect against autoimmunity

what is crucial to a normally functioning immune system?

a low level of autoreactivity

how do the autoantigens help?

help to form the repertoire of mature lymphocytes, and the survival of naive T cells and B cells in the periphery requires continuous exposure to autoantigens.

what two sets of mutations are associated with autoimmune disease?

Foxp3 and IPEX

AIRE and APECED

polygenic susceptibility to AI

MHC and non-MHC

what has the strongest associated with autoimmunity?

HLA

enviro expo to autoimmunity?

toxins, infections, oral contraceptives, vit D deficiency

what sex has a stronger disposition to develop autoimmunity?

females because they have stronger response to antigenic challenges

development of chronic autoimmune disease

•Positive feedback from inflammation

•Inability to clear self-antigen

•Amplification of immune response

central tolerance

encounter with ligand when lymphocyte is immature

tolerization

high and constant concentrations of self ligang

peripheral tolerance

binding to ligand in absence of cytokine or costimulation