heart conditions common

What is hypertension?

A condition where blood pressure against artery walls is consistently too high, considered high at ≤130/80 mmHg.

Why is hypertension referred to as a 'silent killer'?

Many people do not experience symptoms, making it dangerous.

What are some causes and risk factors for hypertension?

Genetics, age (over 40), obesity, high sodium intake, lack of exercise, stress, smoking, and kidney disease.

What are the potential risks associated with hypertension?

Increased risk for heart attack, stroke, heart failure, and kidney damage.

What is coronary artery disease?

A condition where plaque (fat, cholesterol, calcium) builds up inside coronary arteries, blocking blood flow to the heart.

What can coronary artery disease lead to?

Angina (chest pain) and potentially a heart attack if an artery becomes fully blocked.

What are common causes and risk factors for coronary artery disease?

High cholesterol, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, and family history.

What are the symptoms of coronary artery disease?

Chest pain or pressure, shortness of breath (SOB), and fatigue; sometimes there are no symptoms.

What is congestive heart failure?

A condition where the heart is too weak or stiff to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup.

What are the types of congestive heart failure?

Left-sided (fluid backs up into lungs causing SOB and coughing) and right-sided (fluid backs up into body causing leg and abdominal swelling).

What are the causes and risk factors for congestive heart failure?

Hypertension, coronary artery disease, past heart attacks, and heart valve problems.

What is a common nursing intervention for patients with congestive heart failure?

Monitoring weight and symptoms of fluid buildup.

What symptoms indicate fluid buildup in congestive heart failure?

Shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling, and rapid weight gain.

What is the long-term outlook for congestive heart failure?

It is a chronic condition that requires ongoing management and can lead to death later on.