EARTH SCIENCE

science

a body of knowledge and the process by which that knowledge is produced

science

provides us with a way of thinking and knowing about the world

science

presented with scientific concepts in statement form

Scientific Fact

An observation or event confirmed to such a degree

Scientific Fact

a thing that is known or proved to be true

Scientific fact

are not absolute, they can change if new evidence suggests that they should.

Science is the

“The Poetry of Reality”

“Natural”

refers to “empirical” or “testable.”

Scientific explanations

only refer to causes that we can reliably detect.

Scientific Process

a way of building knowledge and making predictions about the world in such a way that they are testable.

Scientific Process

different scientific disciplines typically use different methods and approaches to investigate the natural world, but testing lies at the core of scientific inquiry for all scientists.

Scientific Knowledge

scientific way of thinking is something that anyone can use, at any time, whether or not they are in the process of developing new knowledge and explanations.

Scientific Knowledge

involves asking questions that can be answered analytically by collecting data or creating a model and then testing one's ideas.

Skills Scientists Use

Observing Inferring Predicting

Observing

Using your senses to gather information

Inferring

Explaining or interpreting observations Based on reasoning, but not always right

Predicting

Making a forecast of what will happen. Based on past experience or evidence

Hypothesis

a proposed explanation of certain “facts” that must be testable in some fashion.

Hypotheses

are either disproved or regarded as “provisionally true” and submitted to further testing.

Hypothesis

Possible explanation for a set of observations

Hypothesis

Must be testable/Must be based on past experience

Purple

Purpose-Reason for experiment

Hippos

Hypothesis- Educated guess of outcome

Play

Procedure-Steps/Experiment

Dominoes

Data-Info collected/recorded

And

Analysis-Analyze data for results

Checkers

Conclusion-Is hypothesis correct or not and possibly why

Theory

A well-established testable explanation of some aspect of the natural world; the framework within which new hypotheses are formulated and against which new data are evaluated.

Theory

Well-tested scientific concept that explains a lot of observations

Theory

A scientific theory is not just someone’s “hunch” or “guess.”

Theory

are the most comprehensive of all scientific ideas and the endpoint of the scientific endeavor.

Scientific Law

Describes what is expected to happen every time under a particular set of conditions

Scientific Law

Has been repeatedly tested and found to be true

Scientific Law

Doesn’t explain, just provides pattern

Observation

use of the senses to gather and record information about structures or processes in nature

Inference

a logical conclusion based on observations

Experiment

An orderly procedure carried out with the goal of verifying, refuting, or establishing the validity of a hypothesis.

Experiment

Experiments are situations that have been carefully managed to increase the chances of learning from the unexpected.

Experiment

Control Experiments

Experiment

Tests hypothesis under strict conditions

Experiments

Only one thing can change or be different in the experiment

Accuracy

refers to how close a measurement is to the true value of the thing being measured.

Precision

is the exactness of the measurement.

Error

Expression of the amount of imprecision or variation in a set of measurements. commonly expressed as percentage error or as a confidence interval.

Confidence Interval

describes the range of values for a set percentage of measurements.

Peer review

is the process in which several experts on a given topic review another expert’s work on that topic before the work gets published.

Science

Studies natural world

Science

Done by scientists

Technology

Changes the natural world

Technology

Done by engineers

Physical Science

the sciences concerned with the study of inanimate natural objects, including physics, chemistry, and related subjects.

Life Science

the study of living organisms and life processes.

Earth Science

The study of the Earth's structure, properties, processes, and four and a half billion years of biotic evolution.

Earth Science

The fields of study concerned with the solid Earth, its waters, and the air that envelops it.

Earth Science

Geology, Astronomy, Meteorology, Oceanography

Physics

The science that deals with the properties, changes and interactions of matter and energy.

Chemistry

The science that deals with composition, properties and reactions of substances.

Botany

Science that deals with the study of plants, including their structure, properties, and biochemical processes.

Zoology

The science that deals with animals and animal life.

Genetics

The branch of biology that deals with heredity and variation in animal and plant species.

Ecology

The branch of biology that deals with the relations between living organisms and their environment.

Geology

Study of origin, history, processes, and structure of the solid Earth

Astronomy

The science that deals with the origin, size, motion of stars and planets.

Meteorology

the science of the atmosphere and its phenomena (the study of the weather)

Meteorological

Study of the Earth’s atmosphere

Oceanography

The study of the environment of the ocean (plants and animals)

Evolution

Population Biology

Environmental Science

Study the ways in which humans interact with

their environment

Environmental science

Newest branch of Earth Science

Environmental science

Study use of natural resources, pollution, and the health of plant and animal species