lab 14 biol1191

Somatotropin

triggers insulin like growth factors to promote growth of body tissues, enhance lipolysis + decrease glucose uptake

thyroid stimulating hormone

stimulates secretion of thryoid homrones by thyroid gland

Follicle stimulating hormone

Females: initiates development of oocytes + stimulates ovarian secretion of estrogen

Males: stimulates testes to produce sperm

Luteinizing hormone

Stimulates secretion of estro + progestrone, ovulation

stimulates testes to produce test

Prolactin

promotes milk production by mammary gland

Adrenocorticotropic homrone

stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

Menlanocyte stimulating hormone

Stimulates the production of melanin by melanocytes

Posterior piuitary homrones

Oxytocin + antidiuretic hormone

Oxytocin

uterus muscle contraction + milk from breasts

Antidiuretic hormone

decreases water loss+ vasoconstriction to up BP

Thyroid

T thyrocytes + C thyrocytes

T thryocytes

secretes triiodothyronine + thyroxine that ↑ metabolic rate + body temp

C thyrocytes

secretes calcitonin that lowers blood calcium levels

Parathryoid

Oxyphil cells

Oxyphil cells

secrete parathyroid hormone that increases blood calcium levels

Suprarenal (adrenal) cortex

Mineralocorticoids, glucocoticoids, and androgens

Mineralocorticoids

produces aldosterone that promotes sodium and water reabsorption, raising BP

Glucocorticoids

produces cortisol which increase blood glucose to resist stress

Androgens

produces DHEA that promotes sexual desire + are converted to estrogens

Suprarenal medulla

produces epinephrine + norepin for fight or flight response (e.g increase HR)

Acini

exocrine, produces digestive enzymes and buffers that break down fats, carbs and proteins

Islets

Alpha + beta cells

Alpha cells

produces glucagon, which raises blood glucose levels.

Beta cells

produce insulin to decrease blood glucose

Ovary

estrogen, inhibin, relaxin, progesterone

Testis

inhibin, test

Estrogen

in granulosa cells + corpus luteum, regulates reproductive cycle, promote growth for mammary glands for lactation

Inhibin in FEMALE

in granulosa cells + corpus luteum, inhibits secretion of follicle stimulating hormones

Relaxin

in corpus luteum, helps dilate uterine cervix during labour

Progesterone

in corpus luteum, lines uterus + menstrual cycle

Inhibin in MALE

in nurse cells, inhibits secretion of follicle stimulating hormone

Testosterone

in leydig cells, regulates descent of testes + sperm production

Pineal

produces melatonin, promtes sleep and regulates circadian rhythms.

Thymus

secretes thymosin, thymic humoral factor, thymic factor thymopoietin

thymosin, thymic humoral factor, thymic factor thymopoietin

all is involved in T lymphocytic development + activation + in various responses of immune system

Hypocerection of hGH

pituitary dwarfism

Hypersecretion of hGH

Gigantism + acromegaly

Hyposecretion of ADH

diabetes insipidus

Severe hypothyroidism

myxdema

Hyperthyroidism

Grave’s disease

Lack of iodine

Goiter → hyper-, hypo-, normal thyroidism

Inability to produce insulin because immune system destroys beta cells

type I diabetes

target cells have fewer insulin receptors

type II diabetes

Too much insulin injected by diabetc

hypoglycemia