History unit 3 people

Cyrus the Great

Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire who conquered the Medes, Lydians, and Babylonians.

Cambyses II

Son of Cyrus the Great who conquered Egypt in 525 BCE.

Darius the Great

Persian ruler who expanded the empire to its peak, established the Royal Road, and organized satrapies.

Xerxes

Persian ruler who invaded Greece during the Persian Wars.

Achaemenes

King associated with the origins of the Persian royal family.

Astyages

Median king who feared that his grandson Cyrus would overthrow him.

Harpagus

General ordered by Astyages to kill the young Cyrus.

Mithridates

Shepherd who raised Cyrus after he was given to him.

Belshazzar

Son of Nebuchadnezzar who held a feast involving sacred vessels from the Temple in Jerusalem.

Nebuchadnezzar

Babylonian king whose son was Belshazzar.

Daniel

Man summoned to interpret the mysterious writing during Belshazzar's feast.

Homer

Greek poet associated with the Iliad and the Odyssey.

Paris

Trojan prince whose actions helped begin the Trojan War.

Menelaus

Greek king whose wife was taken by Paris.

Agamemnon

Brother of Menelaus who helped lead the Greek forces in the Trojan War.

Ajax

Greek hero who fought in the Trojan War.

Odysseus

Greek hero who fought in the Trojan War and later struggled to return home to Ithaca.

Achilles

Greek warrior who fought Hector and was one of the greatest heroes of the Trojan War.

Patroclus

Friend of Achilles who wore his armor and was killed by Hector.

Hector

Trojan prince and warrior who killed Patroclus before being killed by Achilles.

Priam

King of Troy who pleaded with Achilles to return Hector's body.

Aeneas

Trojan hero who escaped Troy and was believed to be an ancestor of the Romans.

Menelaus's wife

Helen, whose departure with Paris helped start the Trojan War.

Polyphemus

Cyclops encountered by Odysseus during his journey home.

Circe

Enchantress encountered by Odysseus during his journey.

Calypso

Figure who kept Odysseus on her island during his journey home.

Solon

Athenian leader who introduced reforms in the 590s BCE that expanded political participation for men.

Pericles

Athenian statesman who supported democracy and helped lead Athens during its Golden Age.

Cynisca

First female Olympic champion who won a chariot race twice.

Socrates

Greek philosopher who questioned ideas about truth, justice, and virtue and developed the Socratic Method.

Plato

Student of Socrates who wrote The Republic and believed philosophers should govern.

Aristotle

Student of Plato who studied nature, politics, and formal logic.

Philip II

King of Macedonia who strengthened the Macedonian kingdom.

Alexander the Great

Macedonian king who conquered the Persian Empire and spread Greek culture.

Antigonus

One of Alexander's generals who took control of Macedonia and Greece.

Seleucus

One of Alexander's generals who took control of the Persian Empire.

Ptolemy

One of Alexander's generals who took control of Egypt.

Pheidippides

Messenger associated with the legend of running from Marathon to Athens.

Hesiod

Greek poet known for descriptive poetry.

Sappho

Greek lyric poet who wrote about marriage, life, love, and family.

Herodotus

Greek historian who wrote about the Persian Wars in Histories.

Thucydides

Greek historian who wrote about the Peloponnesian War and critically examined sources.

Aeschylus

Greek playwright known for the Oresteia.

Sophocles

Greek playwright known for Oedipus and stories involving tragic flaws.

Euripides

Greek playwright known for Medea and works exploring chance and irrational behavior.

Euclid

Greek mathematician known for his work in geometry.

Eratosthenes

Greek scientist who calculated the size of Earth.

Archimedes

Greek scientist and inventor known for work involving pulleys, screws, and levers.

Romulus

Legendary founder of Rome who killed his twin brother Remus.

Remus

Twin brother of Romulus who was killed during the founding legend of Rome.

Hannibal

Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps with elephants and attacked Rome during the Second Punic War.

Scipio

Roman general who attacked Carthage and defeated Hannibal.

Gaius Marius

Roman general who allowed landless poor citizens to join the army, increasing soldiers' loyalty to their generals.

Sulla

Roman general who marched on Rome, fought Marius, and became a dictator.

Julius Caesar

Roman general who conquered Gaul, became dictator for life, and was assassinated in 44 BCE.

Pompey

Roman general who joined Caesar and Crassus in the First Triumvirate before fighting against Caesar.

Crassus

Wealthy Roman who joined Caesar and Pompey in the First Triumvirate.

Octavian

Adopted heir of Julius Caesar who defeated Mark Antony and became Rome's first emperor.

Augustus

Title taken by Octavian; ruled from 31 BCE to 14 CE and established the Roman Empire.

Mark Antony

Roman leader who joined Octavian and Lepidus in the Second Triumvirate and later allied with Cleopatra.

Lepidus

Roman leader who joined Octavian and Mark Antony in the Second Triumvirate.

Cleopatra

Queen of Egypt who allied with Mark Antony before their defeat at Actium.

Nerva

One of the five good emperors who ruled during the Roman Empire.

Trajan

One of the five good emperors who ruled during the Roman Empire.

Hadrian

One of the five good emperors who ruled during the Roman Empire.

Antoninus

One of the five good emperors who ruled during the Roman Empire.

Marcus Aurelius

One of the five good emperors; his death marked the end of the Pax Romana.

Caligula

Roman emperor remembered for his cruelty, unusual behavior, and assassination by his guards.

Nero

Roman emperor known for public performances, murdering relatives, and persecuting Christians.

Diocletian

Roman emperor who divided the empire into Eastern and Western sections and established an absolute monarchy.

Constantine

Roman emperor who legalized Christianity through the Edict of Milan and built Constantinople.

Odoacer

Leader who overthrew the last Western Roman emperor in 476 CE.

Horace

Roman poet who wrote during the reign of Augustus.

Ovid

Roman poet who wrote during the reign of Augustus.

Livy

Roman historian who wrote a history of Rome.

Virgil

Roman poet who wrote the Aeneid.

Jesus

Spiritual leader who preached forgiveness, redemption, humility, mercy, and charity.

Paul

Former opponent of Jesus who converted to Christianity and spread the religion to Gentiles.

Peter

Early Christian leader believed to be the first bishop of Rome and the spiritual predecessor of the Pope.