Year 11 IGCSE ICT Paper 1 Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering hardware, connectivity, software, security, data concepts, and exam command words from Year 11 IGCSE ICT Paper 1 revision.

MAC Address

Media Access Control address; a unique hardware identifier associated with a network interface card used to identify a device on a network.

IP Address

Logical network address used to locate devices and route data packets across interconnected networks.

Router

A network device that forwards data packets between networks using IP addresses and routing tables.

Tethering

The practice of sharing a smartphone's mobile internet connection ($4\text{G}/5\text{G}$) with another device via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or USB.

Processor Clock Speed

The frequency at which a CPU processes cycles or instructions per second, measured in Hertz ($\text{Hz}$, $\text{kHz}$, $\text{MHz}$, or $\text{GHz}$).

Input Device

A hardware device used to enter data into a computer system for processing.

Sensor

An input device that automatically detects or measures physical properties or changes in the environment and sends data to a computer system.

Car Sensors Overview

A summary of vehicle-based sensors (such as proximity, pressure, light, rain, camera, temperature, and GPS) and their corresponding environmental detections and vehicle responses.

Output Device

A hardware component that receives processed data from a computer and presents information to the user or another system.

Plotter

An output device designed for producing large-format, high-resolution, and precise technical drawings such as CAD files, architectural plans, and maps.

Print Spooling

The process of temporarily storing print jobs in a queue in memory before sending them to a printer, allowing the computer to perform other tasks while waiting.

Embedded System

A dedicated computer system integrated into a larger mechanical or electrical device to perform a specific, predefined function.

Application Software

Software designed to allow users to perform specific end-user tasks through direct interaction.

Utility Software

System software designed to assist in managing, maintaining, configuring, or enhancing a computer system's operation.

Proprietary Software

Software owned by an individual or organization where the human-readable source code is protected and restricted from public access or modification.

Open-Source Software

Software whose source code is made publicly available for viewing, modification, and redistribution under a specified license.

Convergence

The process of combining multiple functions or technologies into a single hardware device.

Phishing

A form of fraud where deceptive communications are used to trick individuals into revealing sensitive personal or financial information.

Pharming

A cyber attack that secretly redirects website traffic from a legitimate site to a fake website to steal user credentials.

Biometrics

An authentication technique that measures and analyzes unique physical human characteristics to verify identity.

CAPTCHA

A security test used in computing to distinguish human users from automated software bots.

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)

A security protocol requiring two distinct authentication factors to verify a user's identity before gaining access to a system.

Transactional Data

Information generated and collected as a result of a user executing a transaction or activity within an ICT system.

Online Community

A group of individuals who communicate, collaborate, or share digital content via internet-based platforms.

Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)

A formal set of rules and guidelines specifying permissible and prohibited actions when using a system, network, or online platform.

Fitness for Purpose

The assessment of whether information is suitable for an intended use based on criteria including Age, Relevance, Reliability, and Bias.

Data Protection Laws

Legal frameworks that regulate how organizations legally collect, store, process, handle, and protect individuals' personal information.

Pearson ICT Command Words

A categorization of action verbs used in exam questions (such as Name, Define, Describe, Explain, and Discuss) that define the required depth and structure of an answer.