Hydrogen Chloride Gas

Vocabulary flashcards on the discovery, occurrence, and preparation methods of hydrogen chloride gas based on the lecture notes.

Muriatic acid

The name given by Lavoisier to the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas.

Glauber (1648)

Prepared $HCl$ gas from rock salt and concentrated $H_2SO_4$ in 1648.

Joseph Priestly (1772)

Obtained $HCl$ in pure form in 1772 and named its solution 'marine acid'.

Davy (1810)

Gave the compound the name 'hydrogen chloride' in 1810.

Free State Occurrence of $HCl$

Occurs in volcanic gases and in the gastric juices of mammals.

Nature of Bond in $HCl$

Polar covalent, formed due to the difference in electronegativities of $H$ and $Cl$.

Synthesis of $HCl$ Gas

Direct combination of moist hydrogen gas and chlorine in the presence of diffused sunlight: $H_2 + Cl_2 \rightarrow 2HCl(g)$.

Catalyst in $HCl$ Synthesis

Moisture, which acts as a catalyst during the direct combination of hydrogen gas and chlorine.

Preparation of $HCl$ from Metallic Chloride

Reaction of sodium chloride with concentrated sulphuric acid at temperature below 200^\bar{\text{C}}: $NaCl + H_2SO_4(conc.) \rightarrow NaHSO_4 + HCl(g)$.