Endocrine System

Insulin Analogs & what it treats

synthetic alternative of insulin; diabetes mellitus

Corticosteroids/glucocorticoids & what it treats

mimic cortisol; inflammatory/immune-related conditions

Hormone replacement therapy & what it treats

Estrogen: menopausal symptoms; testosterone: hypogonadism, bone pain relief, breast cancer, and puberty stimulation

Risks of estrogen therapy

liver disease, increased risk of cancer, and blooding clotting

Side effects of testosterone therapy

edema, liver changes, voice change, cholesterol shift, and acne

Diabetes mellitus

high levels of glucose in the blood

Type I diabetes

diagnosed in childhood, lack insulin, and lifelong insulin therapy

Type II diabetes

diagnosed in adulthood, low production of/resistance to insulin, medications and insulin therapy

Biguanides

reduce glucose production in liver & increase insulin sensitivity, decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose

What do Biguanides treat

Type II diabetes

Sulfonylureas

stimulate insulin secretion from pancreas, lowering BS levels

What do sulfonylureas treat

Type II diabetes

DPP-4 inhibitors

block enzyme DDP-4, increasing insulin secretion and lowering BSW

What do DPP-4 inhibitors treat

Type II diabetes

Diabetes insipidus

low antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion → increased thirst, urine, and high blood sugarW

What do ADH analogs treat

Diabetes insipidous

ADH Analogs ex.

Desmopressin

Hyperthyroidism

overactive thyroid gland

How to treat hyperthyroidism

medications that inhibit thyroid hormone production

Hypothyroidism

thyroid production insufficient

How to treat hypothyroidism

Thyroid replacement therapy

What does levothyroxine (T4) treat

hypothyroidism

What does thyroid desiccated treat

hypothyroidism

Metformin medication classification & brand name

Biguanide; Glucophage

Glipizide medication classification & brand name

Sulfonylureas; Glucotrol

Glyburide medication classification & brand name

Sulfonylureas; Micronase

Sitagliptin medication classification & brand name

DPP-4 Inhibitors; Januvia

What do thiazolidinediones treat

Type II diabetes

Pioglitazone medication classification & brand name

Thiazolidinediones; Actos

Thiazolidinediones

increase insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat

Levothyroxine medication classification & brand name

Thyroid hormone replacement; Synthroid

Thyroid desiccated medication classification & brand name

Thyroid hormone replacement; Armour Thyroid

Estradiol medication classification & brand name

Estrogens; Vagifem

Conjugated Estrogen medication classification & brand name

Estrogens; Premarin

Anastrozole brand name & use

Arimidex; breast cancer in postmenopausal women

Testosterone Topical brand name & use

Androgel; Testosterone replacement