ansc 3306: swine parasitic diseases

What nonpathogenic parasite causes Coccidiosis?

Eimeria

What is another parasite that causes Coccidiosis?

Cryptosporidium parvum

*What parasite causes Coccidiosis in nursing piglets, 1-2 weeks of age?*

*Isospora suis*

Yellowish to grey diarrhea, watery to pasty, pigs still nurse, with weight loss and dehydration, are clinical signs for what disease?

Isospora suis (Coccidiosis)

Which of the following is FALSE regarding clinical signs for Isospora suis?

Bloody diarrhea

What are some differential diagnosis' of Coccidiosis?

Colibacillosis, Clostridial Perfringens, TGE, Rotavirus, and Strongyloides ransomi (worms).

What are some ways that Coccidiosis (Isospora suis) is transmitted?

Fecal-orally and from contaminated, warm and humid environments.

What does Coccidiosis do pathogenesisly?

Invades the enterocytes (disrupting the microvili)

What are some ways Coccidiosis can be prevented?

Source free, quarantine, and routine fecal floatations.

What are some ways Coccidiosis can be controlled?

Cleaning and coccidiostats

What are examples of coccidiostats?

Amprolium and Sulfonamides.

What shape is Isospora suis (coccidiosis)?

Ellipsoidal (egg-shaped) or ovoid (oval)

What parasite that affects the gi tract, is responsible for the Giardiasis disease?

Giardia intestinalis

Anorexia, deoression, cow patty feces, and zoonotic, are clinical signs for what disease?

Giardia intestinalis (Giardiasis)

Which of the following is FALSE regarding clinical signs for Giardiasis?

Anemia

How is Giardiasis transmitted?

Fecal-orally

Which disease can only be diagnosed with a fecal smear?

Giardia intestinalis (Giardiasis)

What does the shape of Giardia intestinalis (Giardiasis), look like?

Large trophozoites, that are pear-shaped, and possess four flagella.

What are some ways Giardia intestinalis (Giardiasis) be prevented?

Sanitation and quarantine.

What are some ways Giardia intestinalis (Giardiasis) can be treated?

Metronidazole

What parasitic worm causes Whipworms?

Trichuris suis

What does Trichuris suis (whipworms) affect?

The small intestine and cecum

What age of swine is Trichuris suis (whipworms) seen in?

Young, postweaning age, and it may be zoonotic.

Mucoid and hemorrhagic diarrhea, dehydration, and death are clinical signs for what disease?

Trichuris suis (whipworms)

What is the prepatency period for Trichuris suis (whipworms)?

6-7 weeks

What does Trichuris suis (whipworms) cause pathologyly?

Hemorrhagic catarrheal colitis and typhilitis, and fibrinonecrotic membranes.

What are some ways to prevent Trichuris suis (whipworms) and why?

Good sanitation because once this parasite is in the environment, it takes 3-4 weeks to develop into an infectious stage.

What disease must be diagnosed with a fecal floatation and the parasite is shaped like a football?

Trichuris suis (whipworms)

How can Trichuris suis (whipworms) be treated?

Oral dewormers

What are some examples of oral dewormers that can help treat Trichuris suis (whipworms)?

Fenbendazole, Dichlorvos, and Levamisole.

What parasite affects the red blood cells and is responsible for the disease Eperythrozoonosis?

Eperythrozoon suis

What type of parasite is Eperythrozoon suis?

Rickettsia

T/F: Eperythrozoon suis (Eperythrozoonosis) is host spedific.

True

Where is Eperythrozoon suis (Eperythrozoonosis) found?

On the outer surface of erythrocytes and in plasma.

What does the shape of Eperythrozoon suis (Eperythrozoonosis), look like?

A coccoid, rod, or ring shapes on the surface of red blood cells.

Fever, anemia (pale mucous membranes), jaundice, cyanosis, and weakness of suckling and nursery pigs, are clinical signs for what disease?

Acute Eperythrozoon suis (Eperythrozoonosis)

Fever, decreased milk production, poor maternal behavior, annd vulvar and mammary gland edema, in sows are clinical signs for what disease?

Acute Eperythrozoon suis (Eperythrozoonosis)

Anestrus, low conception rates, abortion, weak piglets, small litters, and subclinical swine, in older pigs, are clinical signs for what disease?

Chronic Eperythrozoon suis (Eperythrozoonosis)

What are some ways that Eperythrozoon suis (Eperythrozoonosis) can be transmitted?

From domestic swine, mechanically via blood sucking arthropods (*most commonly lice*), reusing dirty needles or surgical instraments.

What are some ways that Eperythrozoon suis (Eperythrozoonosis) can be prevented?

Eliminating ectoparasites (lice), do not reuse needles, and sterilize surgical equipment.

What are some ways that Eperythrozoon suis (Eperythrozoonosis) can be treated?

Oxytetracycline, Iron, Blood transfusions, and Reducing stress.

T/F: Oxytetracycline does not eliminate the organism due to the organisms poor response to treatment.

True

What parasitic burrowing mite causes mange (scabies) disease?

Sarcoptes scabiei

Intensely pruitic (itchy), erythematous dermatitis (inflammed, red skin) of the ventral abdomen, flank, rump, hair loss, abrasions from rubbing, and thickened skin, are clinical signs for what disease?

Acute Sarcoptes scabiei (Mange; scabies)

Thick, crusty scabs and pinnae spreading to the head and neck, are clinical signs for what disease?

Chronic Sarcoptes scabiei (Mange; scabies)

What does the shape of Sarcoptes scabiei (Mange; scabies), look like?

A rounded, tortoise-like, oval body that is flattened on the bottom and rounded on top, with four pairs of short, stubby legs.

How can Sarcoptes scabiei (Mange; scabies) be transmitted?

It is highly contagious and through direct contact.

T/F: Sarcoptes scabiei (Mange; scabies) is a hypersensitive response to burrowing mites and eggs that are laid into the dermis.

True

What are some ways that Sarcoptes scabiei (Mange; scabies) can be prevented?

Mange free into herds, biosecurity, and ivermectin.

How is Sarcoptes scabiei (Mange; scabies) treated?

Ivermectin

What sucking louse parasite causes Lice (Pediculosis)?

Haematopinus suis

What does the shape of Haematopinus suis (Lice; pediculosis), look like?

A large, gray-brown, and dorso-ventrally flattened insect.

What does Haematopinus suis (Lice; pediculosis) do to the animal?

Penetrates the skin of the flank, neck, axilla (armpit), groin, and inner ears, that feed on the blood.

Pruritus (itchy), poor growth, and anemia, are clinical signs for what disease?

Haematopinus suis (Lice; pediculosis)

What are some ways that Haematopinus suis (Lice; pediculosis) is transmitted?

Through direct contact, but it host specific.

How can Haematopinus suis (Lice; pediculosis) be treated?

Ivermectin

What are some ways that Haematopinus suis (Lice; pediculosis) can be prevented?

Avoiding contact with feral hog populations and biosecutiry.

What parasite causes Ascariasis (roundworms)?

Ascaris suum

What does the shape of Ascaris suum (Ascariasis; roundworms), look like?

A large, elongated, cylindrical, and unsegmented body that is typically pink or white, resembling a piece of spaghetti.

What age of swine does Ascaris suum (Ascariasis; roundworms) affect?

All ages are affected, but it is more severe in young, growing pigs.

What disease is the most prevalent and most economically important parasite of swine?

Ascaris suum (Ascariasis; roundworms)

T/F: Ascaris suum (Ascariasis; roundworms) eggs are hardy and can survive in the environment as long as 15 years and when the eggs are ingested, they hatch in the intestine.

True

Where does Ascaris suum (Ascariasis; roundworms) migrate?

Through the liver and lungs, and they are coughed up and reswallowed.

What is the prepatency period of Ascaris suum (Ascariasis; roundworms)?

8 weeks

What pathogenesis problems does Ascaris suum (Ascariasis; roundworms) cause?

Local intestinal inflammation, competes with the host for nutrients, and because it is migrating larvae, it will cause lung and liver lesions, including interstitial pneumonia.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the pathogenesis of Ascaris suum (Ascariasis; roundworms)?

Invades the enterocytes

Unthriftiness, failure to gain weight, rough hair coat, pendulous abdomen, and coughing, are clinical signs for what disease in young, growing pigs?

Ascaris suum (Ascariasis; roundworms)

What are some lesions that Ascaris suum (Ascariasis; roundworms) cause?

Milk spots in the liver and suppurative bronchopneumonia.

How is Ascaris suum (Ascariasis; roundworms) diagnosed?

Fecal floatations

What are some ways to prevent Ascaris suum (Ascariasis; roundworms) because prevention is better than treatment?

Deworming sows one week before farrowing, washing sows prior to putting into farrowing crates, all in/all out method with thorough cleaning between groups, and feed continuous dewormer the first 30 days in growing and finishing swine.