Quizlet Qs (Ver. 1) - Ch. 6, 18, & 21 - Radiography

Is it true that density is the overall darkness of blackness of a dental image

Yes

Is it true that when the kilovoltage is increased, the density then is increased. Which makes an image that appears darker

Yes

What does radiolucent refer to

The part of the image that appears very black

A dental image that has high contrast is said to have what...

Very dark and very light areas- no in between colors

What is density

The overall darkness of an image

Is the kV is increased, the density is then what...

Increased- due to the increased energy of x-rays

If an image is too light and undiagnostic, what has to change to increase the density (assuming kV and mA are set perfectly)

Increase the exposure time

If the image produced has very radiopaque teeth and the periodontium and tissue appear very radiolucent, what does this image have...

High contrast

What are the factors influencing DENSITY

- kilovoltage

If kV in decreased, what happens to density and the image

Density is then decreased and the image will appear lighter

If mA is increased, what happens to the density and the image

The density is increased and the image will appear darker

If exposure time is decreased, what happens to density and the image

The density is decreased and the image appear lighter

If there is increased subject thickness, what happens to density and the image

The density is then decreased and the image appears lighter

What factor influences contrast

Kilovoltage

If kV is increased, what happens to contrast and the image

Contrast is decreased which means the image will have MANY gray areas

What does high contrast mean

Very distinct dark and white areas

What is film contrast

Characteristics of film that influence radiographic CONTRAST

What are the two factors that influence film contrast

- inherent qualities of the film from the manufacturer

What is subject contrast

Characteristics of the patient that influence contrast

If the kV is INCREASED, what happens to subject contrast and the image

The subject contrast is decreased and the image appears to have many shades of gray

What is short scale contrast

When the kV is decreased which makes the image have distinct black and white areas

What is long scale contrast

When the kV is increased which makes the image have may shades of gray

What are the influencing factors of sharpness

- focal spot size

What happens to the sharpness when the focal spot size is small

The image is sharper

In terms of film, when the crystals are larger, what happens to the sharpness of the image

Less sharpness

True or false, when the tube head, receptor or patients moves, does it effect the sharpness

Yes

What are the factors that influence magnification

- target receptor distance

What PID length is favored in terms of magnification

The longer PID because it produces LESS magnification

True or false, when the tooth and receptor are closer to each other, it produces LESS magnification

True

(1) Density is the overall darkness or blackness of a dental image. (2) When the kilovoltage is increased while other exposure factors remain constant, the resultant image exhibits a decreased density and appears lighter.

The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

When a high operating kilovoltage is used, _______(low OR high) subject contrast and _____________(many shades of gray OR areas of black and white) are seen on the dental image.

Low subject contrast; many shades of gray

Radiolucent refers to that portion of a dental image that is

black.

A dental image that has ______________ is said to have high contrast.

very dark areas and very light areas

Density is defined as

the overall blackness or darkness of an image.

If the operating kilovoltage is increased, the receptor density ____ because the average energy of the x-rays is raised.

increases

You have to retake a dental image on your patient because the image is too light and is undiagnostic. Which of the following could you change to produce an image with increased density?

Increasing the exposure time

The teeth on your patient's images appear very radiopaque and the periodontium and tissue appear very radiolucent. Your patient's dental image has

high contrast.

Radiolucent

Refers to that portion of an image that is dark or black.

Increasing the kilovolatage produces _________ x-rays and affects contrast by increasing the overall energy of the x-ray beam.

Higher Energy

Sharpness refers to:

The capability of the receptor to reproduce the distinct outlines of an object.

What three things influence the sharpness of an image?

Focal Spot Size

When you increase the _____ while other factors remain constant you will have to increase density and darker image

kV (kilovoltage)

if you increase _____ the receptor density increases and the image appears darker

mA (milliamperage)

Contrast relates to

kVp

an image that displays _______ is said to have contrast due to the easily distinguishable area of black and white

short- scale contrast

a longer PID and target-receptors distance results in ____ image magnification

less

With the feature of _______________, the gray-scale of the diagnostic image is reversed so that radiolucent images appear white and radiopaque images appear black.

digital subtraction

T/F (1) Density is the overall darkness or blackness of a dental image. (2) When the kilo voltage is increased while other exposure factors remain constant, the resultant image exhibits a decreased density and appears lighter.

The first statement is true; the second statement is false

When a high operating kilo voltage is used, (low/high) subject contrast and (many shades of gray/ areas of black and white) are seen on the dental image

Low subject contrast; many shades of gray

If the milliamperage is increased, the receptor density, ____, and the image appears _____.

Increases; darker

6. If the operating kiloyoltage is increased, the receptor density— because the average energy of the x-rays is raised.
a. increases
b. decreases
с. remains the same
d. is divided by two

A

7. You have to take retake a dental image on your patient because the image is too light and is undiagnostic. Which of the following could you change to produce an image with increased density?
a. Increasing the exposure time
b. Increasing the subject thickness
с. Decreasing the milliamperage
d. Decreasing the operating kilovoltage

A

10. An increase in— temperature will result in a film with increased contrast.
a. development
b. water bath
C. fixer
d. room

A

A more shades of gray
B higher contrast
C lower contrast
D both a and c

B

A stepwedge will reveal that images taken at a higher kV will have —-versus images taken at a lower kV.
a. long-scale contrast
b. high contrast
с. only two densities
d. many areas of black and white

A

Which of the following factors would improve image sharpness?
a. Larger focal spot
b. Larger crystal size in the film
с. Smaller crystal size in the film
d. Patient movement during x-ray exposure

C

In order to use the paralleling technique when taking periapical images on your patient, you will need to place the receptor approximately an inch from the teeth. Which of the following will you need to do to decrease image magnification?
a. Increase target-receptor distance.
b. Decrease target-receptor distance.
с. Decrease source to object distance.
d. There is no change in magnification; therefore, no changes need to be made.

A

(1). distortion
(2). sharpness
(3). parallax
(4). magnification

ANS: (4). magnification

(1). Decrease source to object distance.
(2). Increase target-receptor distance.
(3). Decrease target-receptor distance.
(4). There is no change in magnification; therefore, no changes need to be made.

ANS: (2). Increase target-receptor distance.

(1). more shades of gray
(2). lower contrast
(3). both A and C
(4). higher contrast

ANS: (4). higher contrast

(1). low density.
(2). low contrast.
(3). high density.
(4). high contrast.

ANS: (4). high contrast.

(1). Low subject contrast; areas of black and white
(2). High subject contrast; areas of black and white
(3). Low subject contrast; many shades of gray
(4). High subject contrast; many shades of gray

ANS: (3). Low subject contrast; many shades of gray

(1). a radiolucent image.
(2). the difference in degrees of blackness between adjacent areas on a dental image.
(3). a radiopaque image.
(4). the overall blackness or darkness of an image.

ANS: (4). the overall blackness or darkness of an image.

(1). Focal spot size
(2). Sharpness
(3). Dimensional distortion
(4). Grain size

ANS: (3). Dimensional distortion

(1). long-scale contrast
(2). many areas of black and white
(3). high contrast
(4). only two densities

ANS: (1). long-scale contrast

(1). an increased object-receptor distance.
(2). a more divergent x-ray beam.
(3). more image magnification than when a shorter PID is used.
(4). an increased target-receptor distance.

ANS: (4). an increased target-receptor distance.

(1). scale of contrast.
(2). subject contrast.
(3). kilovoltage peak.
(4). film contrast.

ANS: (1). scale of contrast.

CMS stands for what

Complete mouth series

What is a periapical image meant to see

The crown, roots and supporting bone of a tooth

How many images are included in a CMS/FMX

14-20

If your patient is edentulous, how many radiographs would you take for a CMS/CMR/FMX

14- essentially no bitewings but we want periapicals to see the bone structure

Periapicals need to show the entire root and crown, but how many millimeters must be shown above the crown and root

2.0 to 3.0 mm

If your patient has NO clinical sign of disease, is it appropriate to take a full CMS

No

When are bitewings and periapical images prescribed

As needed, based on the patients individual needs

In terms of vertical angulation, if the PID is positioned ABOVE the OCCLUSAL place and the central ray is direct _____, the vertical angulation is termed as ________

The central ray would be directed DOWNWARD and the vertical angulation is termed as POSITIVE

What technique is used for periapical examinations

Bisecting and paralleling technique

What is the occlusal examination used for

To examines large areas of the maxillary and mandibular arches

What technique is used for occlusal examinations

Occlusal technique

How many images are in a CMS

14-20 depending on the patient

CMS stands for

complete mouth series.

How many dental images would you take on your patient if you were taking a CMS?

14-20

Periapical images must show the entire crowns and roots of the teeth being examined as well as ____ to ____ mm beyond the root apices.

2.0; 3.0

Your Adult patient has no clinical sign of disease; how frequently should you take a CMS on your patient?

You cannot take a CMS

The complete mouth series (CMS) is also known as what?

Full Mouth Series (FMS or FMX)

If the PID is positioned ABOVE the occlusal plane and the central ray is directed DOWNWARD, the vertical angulation is termed:

Positive +

If the PID is positioned BELOW the occlusal plane and the central ray is directed UPWARD, the vertical angulation is termed:

Negative -

With a patient that requires both periapical and bite wing exposures the radiographer should expose what first in the sequence?

All anterior periapical receptors.

The bite-wing tab is a heavy paperboard tab or loop fitted around a periapical film or sensor and used to stabilize the receptor during exposure. (2) The periapical receptor is oriented in the bite loop so that the tab portion extends from the white side (tube side) of the film or sensor.

Both statements are true.

hen determining vertical angulation, if the position-indicating device (PID) is positioned above the occlusal plane and the central ray is directed _______, the vertical angulation is termed _________.

downward; positive

Which of the following exposure sequences is recommended for the patient who requires both periapical and bite-wing images?1. Bite-wing exposures 2. Anterior periapical receptors 3. Posterior periapical receptors

2, 3, 1

A Skip the bite-wing receptor.
B Place a cotton roll in the area of the missing tooth or teeth.
C Have the patient hold the receptor in position with a hemostat.
D Take a periapical receptor with a bite-block instead

B

Which of the following is NOT an extraoral image?
Waters
Periapical
Lateral Cephlometric
Panoramic

periapical

Which technique examines the crowns of both maxillary and mandibular teeth on a single image?
A. Periapical bisecting technique
B. Interproximal examination
C. Occlusal technique
D. Periapical paralleling technique

B

The bite-wing receptor is used for the
A. interproximal examination
B. periapical paralleling technique
C. occlusal technique
D. periapical bisecting technique

A

Defined as a series of intraoral dental images that show all the tooth-bearing areas of both jaws
Interproximal Examination
Full Mouth Series
Occlusal Examination
Panoramic

full mouth series

Which intraoral imaging technique would you use to capture the entire lower arch (mandible) on one image?
Occlusal Examination
Bite-wing
Periapical
Panoramic

occlusal examination

When determining vertical angulation, if the position-indicating device (PID) is positioned above the occlusal plane and the central ray is directed _______, the vertical angulation is termed _________.
A. upward; negative
B. downward; positive
C. upward; positive
D. downward; negative

B

What does a LONGER PID result in

An increased target receptor distance- because the x-rays have a longer way to travel due to the length of the PID and the target being so far back

If a patient has NO clinical signs of disease and NO restorations, is it appropriate to take bitewings

Yes

What is a good trick to open the contacts between Maxillary 1st and 2nd molars when taking a bite wing

Tilt the tube head in the mesial direction