Academic Skills, Media, and Visual Texts

Vocabulary flashcards covering academic skills, Philippine historical journalism, persuasive writing structures, video animation concepts, technical visual elements, and literary works.

Tomas Pinpin

Publisher of the first printing press in the Philippines in 1689.

La Solidaridad

A 1888–1889 newspaper edited by Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Graciano Lopez Jaena that featured essays and poems by Filipinos addressing Spanish abuses.

Diariong Tagalog

An 1882–1885 Spanish and Tagalog newspaper edited by Marcelo H. Del Pilar that advocated for government reform and criticized friar abuses.

Kalayaan

The Katipunan newspaper published in January 1896 in Manila (disguised as Yokohama) by editor Emilio Jacinto; halted before its second issue due to the uprising.

Diario de Manila

An 1848–1898 Spanish newspaper associated with Isabelo Delos Reyes, closed for printing revolutionary materials, and later becoming El Amor Patrio in 1896 under Jose Rizal.

La Independencia

An 1898–1900 revolutionary newspaper directed by Antonio Luna that served as the most famous and important publication inspiring nationalist revolt against Spain.

El Comercio

An 1858–1925 Spanish-language newspaper covering domestic and international trade.

Pangmukhang Balita (Front Page)

The front page of a newspaper containing the primary headline, main news articles, and the publication's name.

Balitang Pandaigdig (World News)

The newspaper section containing international events affecting or of interest to the global community.

Balitang Pampamayanan (Local/Community News)

The newspaper section focusing on occurrences inside a specific province, city, or barangay.

Editoryal (Editorial Page)

The section expressing the official opinions, views, and stance of the newspaper's editorial board on a prominent issue.

Pitak (Column)

A recurring space featuring the personal opinions and thoughts of a columnist on various topics such as politics or daily life.

Balitang Panlipunan (Society Page)

The section featuring prominent social gatherings and life events of notable individuals, such as weddings, baptisms, and birthdays.

Panlibangan (Entertainment)

The section containing news about films, television, arts, comic strips, crosswords, and horoscopes.

Patalastas (Classified Ads)

The section listing public announcements for job recruitment, items for sale, or offered services.

Obituaryo (Obituary)

The section announcing deceased individuals along with details concerning wake and burial services.

Pang-isport (Sports Page)

The section dedicated to match results and updates across various domestic and international sports.

Editoryal na Nagpapabatid

An editorial objective aimed at explaining or clarifying an issue to enhance public understanding of news events.

Editoryal na Nagpapakahulugan

An editorial objective that interprets an event or condition based on the viewpoint or stance of the publication.

Editoryal na Namumuna

An editorial objective offering constructive criticism and recommendations regarding an issue rather than direct attack.

Editoryal na Nanlilibang

An editorial objective similar to an informal essay that touches on engaging life topics to evoke sentiment or entertainment.

Editoryal na Nagpapahalaga

An editorial objective commemorating special occasions or national celebrations such as Christmas or All Saints' Day.

Editoryal na Nanghihikayat

An editorial objective designed to persuade readers to adopt the newspaper's stance on an issue.

Rebyu (Review)

A critical work evaluating art (readable, viewable, or audible) through careful objective analysis cover-to-cover rather than simple summarization.

Tekstong Biswal (Visual Text)

A type of text that conveys messages and transfers information through images, diagrams, graphics, and visual design elements.

PEA Structure

The Punto (Point), Ebidensya (Evidence), and Analisis (Analysis) framework used to construct effective persuasive texts.

Punto (Point)

The main argument or thesis statement in a persuasive text that presents a clear, direct stance.

Ebidensya (Evidence)

The verifiable facts, data, statistics, or expert statements presented to support a persuasive point.

Analisis (Analysis)

The persuasive section linking evidence to the point by explaining how data logically (Logos) and emotionally (Pathos) proves the argument.

Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog

An essay by Andres Bonifacio contrasting pre-Spanish prosperity and trade with Spanish oppression, calling for Tagalog unity and self-reliance.

Sandugo

The blood compact between Sikatuna and Legaspi, through which Spaniards gained initial entry before oppressing Filipinos.

Videong Animasyon

An animated video using drawings or illustrations animated via computer-generated effects to communicate a story or theme.

Nelson Bohol

A Filipino animator who worked on films including Finding Nemo, Cars, Inside Out, Monsters University, Brave, WALL-E, and Ratatouille.

Virginia "Gini" Santos

A Filipino animator involved in creating films such as Finding Dory, The Incredibles, Finding Nemo, and Cars.

Armand Serrano

A Filipino animator credited with work on Big Hero 6, Brother Bear, and Lilo and Stitch.

Josie Trinidad

A story artist at Walt Disney who worked on Zootopia, Wreck-It Ralph, Tangled, and The Princess and the Frog.

Avid Liongoren

A Filipino animator who created Saving Sally and Hayop Ka! (You Animal!), the first Philippine animated film in the Annecy Festival and bought by Netflix.

Joe Mateo

A story artist who worked on animated films including Bolt, Tangled, Zootopia, and Wreck-It Ralph.

Trese

A Netflix animated series released on June 10, 2021, centered on protagonist Alexandra Trese fighting Filipino folkloric elements, created by Budjette Tan and Kajo Baldisimo.

Epik Studios

The creators who released Mga Kuwentong Epik in animation format on Netflix in 2022, featuring Alamat ni Maria Makiling, Osyana, and Bernardo Carpio.

Nilalaman (Content)

The core soul of an animated video that contains the meaningful and accurate message or lesson learned by the viewer.

Iskrip (Script)

The guide for animated video production detailing a clear sequence from beginning to middle to end.

Gamit ng Ilaw (Lighting/Shading)

An element in visual animation that provides depth and prevents digital drawings from appearing flat.

Mahusay na Voice Over

The vocal performance (tone, speed, emotion) that imparts character personality and connects emotional intent to visuals.

Laki (Size)

A technical visual element where larger scale signals greater importance within an image.

Espasyo (Space)

The white space in visual design that avoids clutter and draws focus to the main subject.

Kulay (Color)

A technical visual element conveying emotion, such as red for warning/danger or blue for peace/information.

Linya (Line)

A visual design element dictating direction, where straight lines show order and curved lines indicate motion.

Ilustrasyon

A sketch, drawing, or graphic depicting parts of an object being explained or demonstrated.

Grap (Graph)

A visual representation displaying relationships within a system using lines, bars, dots, or other symbols.

Dayagram (Diagram)

A visual format showing the structural setup of a system or step-by-step procedures in a process.

Talahanayan (Tabula)

A visual presentation arranging information systematically into structured rows and columns.

Larawan

An exact visual depiction of objects or events recorded on film or in digital form.

Ang Ningning (Glitter)

As defined in Emilio Jacinto's essay, a deceptive and blinding brilliance that leads humans away from truth and conceals underlying evil.

Ang Liwanag (Light)

As defined in Emilio Jacinto's essay, the clear reality needed by eyes to perceive truth, reason, and pure virtue without deceit.