BIOS 272 Specialized skull bones

Anapsid

No holes behind the post-orbital and squamosal bones. Example: Sea turtle

Synapsid

Single hole behind each eye. Example: Humans

Euryapsid

Single hole behind orbit. Example: Marine reptile

Diapsid

Two holes behind the eye. Example: Alligator

Hypsodont dentition

High crowned teeth with short roots - grazing animals example: Deer

Turbinate (conchae)

Thin bones in nasal cavity developed in mammals in birds covered in epithelial tissue. Example: Black bear

Sagittal Crest

Ridge along top of skull where jaw muscles attach. Example: Gorilla

Tooth reduction/loss

Xenarthra- teeth reduced or missing. These animals are specialized in digging and eating ants or termites.

Specialized teeth

Rodents and lagomorphs have incisor teeth that grow throughout their lifes.

Vertebrate jaws

Gill arches to jaws

Tooth specialization- Sharks

Different shark species have different teeth based on diet

Fish- Crushing Plates teeth

Stingrays or Pufferfish

Fishing- Grinding teeth

Parrot fish