BIOL 103 Chapter 1: The Nature of Science

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Last updated 5:32 AM on 10/4/26
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10 Terms

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Scientific Hypothesis

A testable and falsifiable proposed explanation for a scientific observation.

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Independent Variable

The factor that is intentionally changed or manipulated in the experimental group.

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Dependent Variable

The measured result or response in an experiment.

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Control Group

A baseline group treated identically to the experimental group except for the independent variable.

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Scientific Theory

A hypothesis that has never been disproved after extensive testing and strong evidence.

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Statistical Significance

A p-value less than 0.05 indicating results are unlikely to be due to chance.

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Correlation vs Causation

A consistent relationship between two variables does not prove one causes the other.

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Peer Review

Evaluation of a study by experts in the field before publication to ensure validity.

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Anecdotal Evidence

Informal evidence derived from personal observation and experience with few data points.

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Double-Blind Study

An experiment where neither the participants nor the investigators know who receives the treatment.