reproduction, inheritance, and evolution
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32 Terms
where is sperm made and how does it travel to the female?
made in the testes
sperm ducts add fluids and nutrients to make semen
semen is ejaculated from the urethra in the penis into the female
the menstrual cycle
day 1-5: lining of uterus sheds
day 6-12: new egg matures, lining thickens
day 13-15: ovulation - egg released
day 16-28: lining maintained
progesterone
inhibits LH, maintains lining
FSH
causes egg to mature
oestrogen
inhibits FSH, stops maturing
LH
causes ovulation, releasing eggs
uterus
the womb
cervix
neck of the uterus
vagina
sperm is deposited here during sex
ovum
female sex cell ‘egg’
oviduct/fallopian tube
carries the ovum from the ovary to the uterus
sperm
male sex cell
testes
make sperm continuously
scrotum
sac of skin that holds testes
puberty
the physical changes to the body caused by changes in hormones
placenta
connects the mother and foetus to provide oxygen and nutrients, remove waste products, produce hormones
amniotic fluid
cushion fetus, regulate temperature, provide space for growth
umbilical cord
connection to placenta
gamete
sex cells
heredity
the process of passing features from individuals to offspring through reproduction
what do gametes carry half of?
genetic information required to make offspring
what is genetic information packaged into?
DNA, packaged into chromosomes stored in the nucleus of each gamete
variation
present differences in genetic material - can be caused by dominant and recessive alleles can cause variation
continuous variation
may have any one of a large range of values
discontinuous variation
can only have one of a fixed number of categories/options
extinct
when no more individuals of a species remain
population
groups of organisms living in one place
competition
when two or more living things struggle to gain resources
evolution
theory that animal and plant species descended from past species
biodiversity
variety of living things, the difference between individuals of the same species
natural species
species change over time in response to environmental changes and competition
process of natural selection
variation
advantage
competition
survival
reproduction
inheritance