Social Studies- Chapter 5 (India)

Doesn't include Jainism, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Hinduism

karma

The effects that good or bad actions have on a person’s soul.

caste system

Groups based on birth, wealth, or occupation in Indian society.

raja

village leader (also rules surronding land)

reincarnation

process of rebirth

brahmins

Varna of priests, teachers, and scholars

vaisyas

varna of farmers, craftspeople, & raders

sudras

varna of workers, servants, & non-Aryans

varna

social groups

kshatryias

varna of warriors and rulers

Brahman

divine reality in Hinduism

upanishad

final group of Vedic texts from about 600BC

nirvana

state of peace where there is no suffering or desire

subcontinent

large landmass that is smaller than a contient

monsoons

seasonal wind patterns

seals

stamped images

grama

communities

sanskrit

the most important language of ancient India

jatis

social divisions

untouchables/Dalits

lowest caste, could only hold unpleasant jobs

moksha

liberation from reincarnation

dharma

set of spirtual duties

Samskaras

rites of passage to prepare a person for an event/stage in life

Mahavira

Indian prince who founded Jainism

non-violence

avoidane of violent actions

ahimsa

sanskrit word for non-violence

Guru Nanak

Founded Sikihism

meditation

focusing of mind on spirtual ideas

fasting

going without food

Siddhartha Gautama

Founded Buddhism, the Buddha

Four Noble Truths

4 guiding principals from Buddha’s teachings

missionaries

people who spread their religious beliefs

vassa

the rainy season

Chandragupta Maurya

military leader who seized northern India, simplified currency, & became Jainist monk

Asoka

Chandragupta’s grandson who converted Buddhism

Chandra Gupta I

first Gupta emperor

Chandra Gupta II

375 emperor who ruled during Gupta society’s high point

metallurgy

science of working with metals

alloys

mixtures of 2+ metals

Hindu-Arabic numerals

modern numbers

inoculation

injecting a vacination

astronomy

study of stars & planets

Mahabhharata & Ramayana

epic Sanskrit writings

Bhagavad Gita

famous passage about Hinduism

Theravada

Follows Buddhist teachings exactly

Mahayana

Interpret Buddha’s teachings