electrolytes pt2

hypotonic

fewer particles to fluid

isotonic

equal fluid to particles

hypertonic

more particles than fluid

hypervolemic

more fluid to particles

hypovolemic

less fluid to particles

sodium Na+ range

135-145

hyponatremia symptoms

confusion, weakness, seizures, anorexia,

hypernatremia symptoms

thirst, elevated temp

Na+ (sodium) rich foods

breads, cheese, chips, processed meats

potassium K range

3.5-5

hypokalemia symptoms

irregular pulse, fatigue, hypoactive bowel sounds, cardiac dysrhythmias

hyperkalemia symptoms

anxiety, cardiac arrest, GI hyperactivity

Potassium (K) rich foods

fish, whole grains, nuts, broccoli, cabbage, carrots, bananas, oranges, potato with skin

calcium CA range

9-10.5

hypocalcemia symptoms

confusion, hyperactive reflexes, numbness,

Calcium (CA) rich foods

dark green leafy veggies, canned salmon, soy products

hypercalcemia symptoms

coma, constipation, kidney stones,

Magnesium range

1.5-2.5

Hypomagnesemia symptoms

neuromuscular irritability with tremors, disorientation, positive trousseau’s and chvostek’s signs, tachycardic

hypermagnesemia symptoms

hypotension, drowsiness, respiratory depression, dialysis,

magnesium (MG) rich food

nuts, dried fruit, fish, chocalate

chloride (Cl) range

98-106

hypochloremia symptoms

irritable nerves& muscles, hypotension, shallow breathing,

chloride

acids

sodium

nerve, brain

hyperchloremia symptoms

dehydration, deep breathing

phosphate (PO) range

3-4.5

hypophosphatemia symptoms

weak pulse, decreased cardiac output, anorexia

hyperphosphatemia symptoms

tachycardia, hyperreflexia

chloride rich foods

seaweed, tomatoes, lettuce, salt

phosphate rich foods

milk, meats, nuts, grains