Cranial Nerves and Brain Anatomy Kin 230 CH 15

Cranial Nerve I (Olfactory)

Type: Sensory |

Sensory Function: Smell (olfaction)

Motor Function: None

Cranial Nerve II (Optic)

Type: Sensory

Sensory Function: Vision (visual acuity/fields)

Motor Function: None

Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor)

Type: Motor

Sensory Function: None

Motor Function: Eye movement (up, down, medial) and pupil constriction

Cranial Nerve IV (Trochlear)

Type: Motor

Sensory Function: None

Motor Function: Eye movement (downward and inward toward the nose)

Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal)

Type: Mixed (Both)

Sensory Function: Face, teeth, and scalp sensation

Motor Function: Mastication (chewing muscles)

Cranial Nerve VI (Abducens)

Type: Motor

Sensory Function: None

Motor Function: Lateral eye movement (looking outward/abduction)

Cranial Nerve VII (Facial)

Type: Mixed (Both)

Sensory Function: Taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)

Motor Function: Facial expressions and lacrimal/salivary glands

Cranial Nerve VIII (Vestibulocochlear)

Type: Sensory

Sensory Function: Hearing and balance (equilibrium)

Motor Function: None

Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal)

Type: Mixed (Both)

Sensory Function: Taste (posterior 1/3 of the tongue) and throat sensation

Motor Function: Swallowing and parotid salivary gland

Cranial Nerve X (Vagus)

Type: Mixed (Both)

Sensory Function: Sensation from thoracic and abdominal organs

Motor Function: Parasympathetic control of digestion, heart rate, and breathing

Cranial Nerve XI (Accessory)

Type: Motor

Sensory Function: None

Motor Function: Neck (sternocleidomastoid) and shoulder (trapezius) movement

Cranial Nerve XII (Hypoglossal)

Type: Motor

Sensory Function: None

Motor Function: Tongue movement (speaking, swallowing, and eating)

Layers of the Cranial Meninges

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater (superficial to deep).

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Functions

Provides buoyancy, protection (cushioning), and environmental stability (nutrients and waste removal).

Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)

Strictly monitors substances entering brain interstitial fluid using astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

Frontal Lobe Functions

Higher intellectual functions, personality, verbal communication (Broca area), and voluntary motor control.

Cerebellum Functions

Coordinates/fine-tunes movements, stores movement memories, and maintains equilibrium and posture.

Hypothalamus Functions

Master control of autonomic and endocrine systems, body temperature, emotional behavior, food/water intake, and circadian rhythms.