Week 3: Health, Illness, religion, spirituality, end of life care

What is religion?

An institutionalized system of attitudes, beliefs, and practices devoted to the service and worship of God or the supernatural.

What is spirituality?

An internal search for truth, meaning, purpose, beliefs, and values.

What is the difference between spirituality and religion?

Religion is institutionalized and external, while spirituality is internal and has no clear rules.

Does a person have to be religious to be spiritual?

No, a person can be spiritual without being religious.\

How can cultures differ in their understanding of health and illness?

Cultures may attribute illness to biological, psychological, social, spiritual, or supernatural causes.

How should nurses respond to different cultural beliefs about illness?

Learn about patients' cultural beliefs and preferences, then incorporate them into care when possible.\

How does germ theory explain illness?

Illness is explained biologically and may be treated with medications.

How does the yin and yang concept explain health and illness?

Health involves balancing the body, often using natural techniques.

How does Beck's cognitive theory explain illness?

Negative thinking can contribute to psychological conditions such as depression.

How do social determinants of health relate to illness?

Social conditions and environments influence health; social programs and environmental changes may help.\

How does fatalism explain illness?

Illness may be viewed as God's will and addressed through prayer, spirituality, or faith healers.

What are the 4 C's of cultural care?

Call, cause, cope, and concerns.

What is the call question in the 4 C's?

What do you think is wrong?\

What is the cause question in the 4 C's?

What do you think caused your problem?

What is the cope question in the 4 C's?

How do you cope with your condition?

What is the concerns question in the 4 C's?

What are your concerns regarding the condition or treatment?\

What are important considerations regarding older adults and decision-making?

Respect their autonomy and independence, and recognize potential stereotypes and discrimination.\

What percentage of the population is older than 65, according to the notes?

17%.\

Why is respecting older adults' independence important?

Loss of independence can greatly affect their quality of life.\

How should nurses communicate respectfully with older adults?

Respect their autonomy, independence, preferences, and ability to participate in decisions.\

Why is patient autonomy important in end-of-life care?

Loss of control, functioning, and independence can reduce quality of life, so patients' choices should be respected.\

What does the ANA encourage nurses to do regarding end-of-life spirituality?

Be mindful of patients' cultural and spiritual beliefs and advocate for them without personal bias.