Concrete Construction Systems and Engineered Wood Building Materials

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering cast-in-place concrete, precast systems, prestressing techniques, engineered wood products, and composite building boards based on the lecture notes.

Cast-in-place Concrete

Concrete that is deposited, formed, cured, and finished in its final position on site as part of a structure.

Consolidation

The process of compacting fresh concrete to mold it within forms around embedded items and reinforcement while eliminating stone pockets, honeycombing, and entrapped air.

Self-compacting Concrete

A high-performance concrete mixture that flows and consolidates under its own weight without requiring mechanical vibration.

Curing

The process of maintaining satisfactory moisture content and temperature in placed concrete so that it develops adequate strength and durability.

Screeding

The operation of strikeoff that removes excess fresh concrete and evens out the exposed surface to the proper contour and elevation.

Traditional Forms

A wall forming system using temporary forms (typically aluminum) with rigid foam insulation placed inside or between the forms and secured with non-conductive ties.

Tunnel Forms

A forming system where walls, floors, and ceilings are cast simultaneously, utilizing suspended heaters to accelerate curing for daily stripping and repositioning.

Pre-cast Concrete

Concrete cast in a reusable mold or form, cured in a controlled environment, transported to the construction site, and lifted into place.

Large-panel Systems

Multistory structures constructed from large wall and floor concrete panels connected in vertical and horizontal directions to enclose rooms.

Frame Systems

Precast structural frames assembled using linear structural elements or spatial beam-column sub-assemblages.

Slab-column systems with walls

These systems rely on shear walls to sustain lateral load effects, whereas the slab column structure resists mainly gravity loads. There are two main systems in this category 3.1 Lift-slab system with walls 3.2 Pre-stressed slab-column system

Flat Plate

A concrete slab of uniform thickness reinforced in two or more directions and supported directly by columns without beams or girders.

Flat Slab

A flat plate concrete slab thickened at its column supports with column capitals and drop panels to increase its shear strength and moment-resisting capacity.

Ribbed Slab

A reinforced concrete slab cast integrally with a series of closely spaced joists supported by a parallel set of beams.

Distribution Rib

A rib formed perpendicular to the joists of a ribbed slab to distribute concentrated loads over a larger area.

Joist Band

A broad, shallow supporting beam for a ribbed slab that matches the depth of the joists for economical forming.

Pan

A reusable metal or fiberglass mold used to form the joists and underside of a ribbed slab, available in standard 20- and 30- inch (508- and 762-mm) widths and a variety of depths.

Tapered endform

A pan to form thickened joist ends for a greater shear resistance in a ribbed slab.

Waffle Slab

A monolithic two-way concrete slab reinforced by ribs running at right angles in two directions, forming a grid of square cavities on its underside.

Dome

A square metal or fiberglass pan used in a waffle slab, available in standard 19- and 30- in. (483- and 762-mm) widths and a variety of depths.

Lift Slab

A concrete construction technique in which floor and roof slabs are cast on ground level over separating membranes and raised to position using hydraulic jacks.

Slip Form

A continuous vertical extrusion construction method using a formwork system raised vertically by hydraulic jacks as newly poured concrete hardens behind it.

Composite Construction

A structural system connecting structural steel beams and a concrete slab using shear connectors so that they act together as a single load-bearing unit.

Spanstress Floor System

Precast rebar and concrete fabrications engineered to settle back into place during seismic activity, commonly used for overpass and pedestrian bridge flooring.

C-Joist

A precast, prestressed concrete joist rated at 5,500\n\text{ psi} with pre-tensioned tendons, designed to support suspended flooring as part of a slab system.

Pre-stressed Concrete

Concrete reinforced by tensioning high-strength steel tendons within their elastic limit to induce compressive stresses that counteract tensile bending forces from applied loads.

Pre-tensioning

A method of prestressing concrete where reinforcing tendons are tensioned between abutments before the concrete is cast.

Post-tensioning

A method of prestressing concrete where reinforcing tendons enclosed in sheaths are tensioned against the concrete after it has cured.

Sheath

A tube encasing prestressing tendons in a post-tensioned member to prevent bonding with the concrete during placement.

Bonded posttensioning

posttensioning in which the reinforcing tendons are bonded to the surrounding concrete by injecting grout in the annular spaces around the strands.

Unbonded posttensioning

posttensioning in which the annular spaces around the reinforcing tendons are not grouted, allowing the tendons to move relative to the surrounding concrete.

Solid Flat Slab

A precast, prestressed concrete plank suitable for short spans and uniformly distributed floor and roof loads.

Hollow-core Slab

A precast prestressed concrete plank manufactured with continuous internal tubular voids running its entire length to reduce dead weight.

Single Tee

A precast, prestressed concrete structural member featuring a broad T-shaped cross section where the flange acts as the floor or roof deck.

Double Tee

A precast, prestressed concrete structural member featuring two vertical stems and a broad top flange cross section resembling the letters TT.

Inverted Tee

A precast, prestressed ledger beam having a cross section resembling an inverted letter T, designed to support double tees or floor units on its side ledges.

L-Beam

A precast, prestressed ledger beam having an L-shaped cross section designed to provide side ledger support for floor members while minimizing overall depth.

Channel Beam

A lightweight precast concrete unit with a U-shaped channel cross section where the web carries tension and the flanges take compression.

Box Girder

A structural girder that forms a fully enclosed hollow tube with multiple webs and flanges, providing high torsional rigidity for medium and long-span bridges.

Deflection

the stiffness of the I-beam will be chosen to minimise deformation

Vibration

the stiffness and mass are chosen to prevent unacceptable vibrations, particularly in settings sensitive to vibrations, such as offices and libraries

Bending failure by yielding

where the stress in the cross section exceeds the yield stress

Bending failure by local buckling

where the flange or web is so slender as to buckle locally

Local yield

caused by concentrated loads, such as at the beam's point of support

Shear failure

where the web fails.

Engineered Wood

A range of wood derivative products manufactured by binding strands, particles, fibers, or veneers of wood together with adhesives under precise specifications.

Building Board

Any thin, broad sheet composed of wood fibers, chips, veneer, cement, or composite materials used for wall paneling, ceilings, flooring, or carpentry.

Urea-formaldehyde (uf) resin

The most common among the adhesives used in engineered wood product manufacturing

Phenol-formaldehyde (pf) resins

Characterized by its yellow or brown color, used for exterior-exposure wood materials

Melamine-formaldehyde (mf) resin

A white, heat and water resistant adhesive, and often used in exposed surface products in more costly designs

Methylene diphenyl di-isocyanate (mdi) or polyurethane (pu) resin

Most expensive, generally has waterproofing ability and do not contain formaldehyde

Casein Glue

Used in dry location but not exposed directly to rain or water.

Phenol-Formaldehyde resin Glue

Requires high temperature for curing; water resistant

Resorcinol-Phenol Formaldehyde

Expensive but have qualities necessary for durability and water resistance.

Composite Panel

A wood panel product consisting of two face veneers bonded to a reconstituted wood core.

Veneer

A thin sheet of wood produced by rotary cutting, slicing, or sawing a log, used as a surface facing or laminated to make plywood.

Crossband

A layer of veneer immediately adjacent to and right angles to the face plies in a plywood panel.

Core

The center of a plywood panel, consisting of veneers, sawn lumber or composition board.

Banding

The solid wood stock extending around the sides of a veneered panel, concealing the core and facilitating the shaping of the panel edges.

Plywood

A wood panel product manufactured by bonding multiple layers of veneer together under heat and pressure, typically with adjacent plies laid at right angles.

Plymetal

Plywood clad on one or both sides with sheet metal.

Plyboard

An engineered composite board consisting of a solid wood strip core sandwiched between thin outer face veneers.

Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)

An engineered wood product made by assembling thin wood veneers parallel to the grain using waterproof adhesives under heat and pressure.

Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL)

A structural composite lumber made by bonding long, narrow wood strands parallel to each other using waterproof adhesive under pressure.

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

A non-veneered structural wood panel made by bonding rectangular wood strands arranged in perpendicular layers using waterproof resin under heat and pressure.

Waferboard

A non-veneered panel product composed of large, thin wood flakes bonded with waterproof adhesive under heat and pressure.

Particleboard

A composite panel made by bonding small cellulosic particles or wood chips together with a synthetic resin binder under heat and pressure.

Strawboard

A rigid building board made of compressed wheat straw processed at 350^\n\circ\text{F} to 400^\n\circ\text{F} and faced with tough kraft paper.

Structural Board Strawboard

Manufactured in 2 in. thick, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 ft. long; used as non-load bearing partitions, as plaster base, for insulating purposes, exterior sheathing, roof decking and as inner form face for concrete basement wall forms.

Insulation Grade Strawboard

2 in. thick, 4 ft. wide and 5 ft. long; used primarily for roof deck insulation.

Fiberboard

A fibrous-felted, homogeneous panel made from lignocellulosic fibers with a density range between 159\,\n\text{kg/m}^3 and 490\,\n\text{kg/m}^3.

Insulating Fiberboard

Components used for the manufacture of this type of board are wood, sugar cane, asbestos and binder.

Sheathing Grade Fiberboard

Has both surfaces and all edges coated with asphalt and other fibers impregnated with asphalt during manufacture.

Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)

A composite panel product manufactured from refined cellulosic fibers mixed with synthetic resin and bonded under heat and pressure.

Hardboard

A dense, homogeneous panel made of refined wood fibers consolidated under heat and pressure to a minimum density of 490\,\n\text{kg/m}^3.

Standard Hardboard

A type of hardboard that is flexible and quite easily bent, light brown with thicknesses of 1/8", 1/4", 3/16" and 5/16", 4 fett wide and lengths of 4, 6, 8, 10 12, and 16 feet.

Tempered Hardboard

Made by impregnated standard board with tempering compounds of oils and resin and baking it to polymerize the tempering material.

Low Density Hardboard

Has low density and used for lightweight application.

Fiber Cement Board

A durable building board composed of timber slurry fibers, Portland cement, quartz sand, and additives.

Gypsum Board

A interior wallboard panel consisting of a gypsum plaster core encased between two layers of heavy kraft paper.

Gypsum Wallboard

A fireproof sheathing used for interior wall and ceiling applications; characterized by a core of gypsum covered on each side by heavy specially made kraft paper.

Gypsum Lath

Gypsum board with a gypsum core and heavy paper on both sides; used as a base for plaster thus, providing adhesion to plaster.

Gypsum Precast Roof Decking

Precast gypsum containing various types of fibers for additional strength; made in either the square plank (from 4 to 6 feet) or edged plank (10 feet long).

Wood Wool Cement Board

A non-structural building board composed of wood fibers bonded with cement, utilized for thermal insulation and acoustic sound absorption.

Asbestos Cement Board

A dense, rigid board composed of mineral fibers bonded with Portland cement, offering high resistance to fire and weathering.

Wallboard

A rigid sheet composed of wood pulp, gypsum or other materials; may be fastened to the building to provide an interior surface finish; the long edges of the board usually tapered to provide easy treatment of joints when board is erected.

Corkboard

A board produced from cork granules mixed with synthetic resin, compressed into sheets, and baked under pressure.

Tempered Board

A hardboard impregnated with a drying oil or other oxidizing resin and baked to improve its hardness and moisture resistance.

Peg Board

A brand of tempered hardboard manufactured with a uniform pattern of pre-punched perforations for mounting hooks or pegs.

Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam)

A structural timber member manufactured by gluing together multiple layers of dimensioned lumber with their grain running parallel longitudinally.

Gang Nail System

A wood framing assembly system using spiked or toothed metal connector plates pressed into timber joints to join truss components.

Glued Built-up Members

These are structural members, the sections of which are composed of built-up lumber, plywood or any engineered wood in combination with lumber, all parts bonded together with adhesives.

Sheathing Paper

A paper membrane applied over wall studs, floor joists, or roof rafters to create an airtight protective barrier.

Building Paper

Paper used in building construction particularly for sheathing, roofing and insulation, in making asphalt shingles, laminated and corrugated building products, concrete form materials, moisture and vapor barrier, cushion material, wall paper, envelope or sheath for other building materials and as fireproofing material.

Sheathing Paper

Paper used to provide airtight barrier over walls, floors, ceilings, etc.

Plain Paper

A low cost paper made from semi-chemical pulp and waste paper or a tough paper made from kraft paper.

Asphalt Impregnated or Coated Felt or Kraft Paper

Made from asphalt of varying quantities with densities ranging from 4 to 10 lbs per square foot.

Roofing Felt

Used in making a built-up roof; manufactured in 36 in. wide rolls and weights from 3 to 20 lbs. per square foot.

Rolled Roofing

A heavy, mineral surfaced paper used as a final roof covering, made 18 and 36 wide, in various weights from 45 to 120 lbs. per square foot.

Wood Fiber Insulating Paper

Made from ground wood or bagasse with some wastepaper pulp added. U