Untitled Flashcard Set

Enlightened Absolutism

Monarchs using Enlightenment ideas while keeping full power. Connections: Frederick II, Joseph II, Catherine II, Reason of State.

Seven Years’ War

Global conflict over power/colonies (1756–63). Connections: William Pitt the Elder, Robert Clive, Frederick II, Balance of Power.

Louis XV

Weak French king, debt worsened. Connections: Louis XVI, Patronage, Old Order, Tithe.

Louis XVI

King during French Revolution, weak rule. Connections: Tithe, Agricultural Revolution, Old Order, Estates-General.

Patronage

Using offices/favors to gain loyalty. Connections: Louis XV, Louis XVI, Old Order, Society of Thirty.

George I, II, III

Hanoverian British kings, expanded Parliament power. Connections: William Pitt, Seven Years War, Robert Clive, Balance of Power.

William Pitt the Elder

British leader who strengthened empire in Seven Years’ War. Connections: Seven Years War, George III, Robert Clive, Balance of Power.

Frederick William (Great Elector)

Built Prussia’s army and bureaucracy. Connections: Frederick II, Prussian Absolutism, Balance of Power, Reason of State.

Frederick II (the Great)

Prussian enlightened absolutist, took Silesia. Connections: Enlightened Absolutism, War of Austrian Succession, Seven Years War, Balance of Power.

Joseph II

Austrian enlightened absolutist, radical reforms. Connections: Enlightened Absolutism, Catherine II, Frederick II, Agricultural reforms.

Catherine II (the Great)

Russian ruler, modernized state, strengthened nobles. Connections: Enlightened Absolutism, Frederick II, Partition of Poland, Reason of State.

Balance of Power

Preventing domination by one state. Connections: Seven Years War, War of Austrian Succession, Frederick II, William Pitt.

Reason of State

Acting in national interest, beyond morals. Connections: Frederick II, William Pitt, Balance of Power, Seven Years War.

War of Austrian Succession

Conflict over Maria Theresa’s succession; Prussia took Silesia. Connections: Frederick II, Balance of Power, Seven Years War, Reason of State.

Robert Clive

British leader who secured India. Connections: Seven Years War, William Pitt, George III, Balance of Power.

Primogeniture

Eldest son inherits property. Connections: Agricultural Revolution, Infanticide, Peasant poverty, Cottage Industry.

Infanticide

Killing infants due to poverty. Connections: Primogeniture, Cottage Industry, Agricultural hardship, Tithe.

Agricultural Revolution

Farming improvements increased output. Connections: Cottage Industry, Population growth, Primogeniture, Tithe.

Cottage Industry

Home-based textile production. Connections: Agricultural Revolution, Population growth, Robert Clive, Primogeniture.

Tithe

10% Church tax on peasants. Connections: Louis XVI, Agricultural Revolution, Peasant unrest, Old Order.