EPS 7

What was James Watt's primary contribution?

making the steam engine much more efficient

If a laser delivers 30 W of power to a target over 2 seconds, how much energy does it deliver to the target?

60 J

How to solve: 30W= 60J/ 2 second

Who is credited with starting the industrial revolution with their invention?

James watt

How is a Joule dened in terms of other units

w*s

What is the unit for power

watt

Who discovered that mechanical work gets converted to heat, thereby establishing the law of conservation of energy?

James Joule

What is the unit for energy?

Joule

how is a watt defined in terms of other units?

J/s

Which of the following was responisble for the industrial revolution?

abundant coal

scientific revolution

James Watt

The human body produces about 100 W of heat energy per time. How much heat energy does the human body emit in an hour? Recall that an hour has 3600 seconds. 

360 kJ

Multiply w*s

If a lightbulb produces 100 J of heat and light energy while on for 10 seconds, how much electrical power does the lightbulb consume?

10 W

100 J/ 10 seconds

Where does radition move energy into, out of, or within the Earth

from the Earth to space

from the surface to the atmosphere

 from the Sun to the Earth

 within the atmosphere

When energy moves from one place to another because a mass carries that energy there, what do we call this?

convection

Where does convection move energy into, out of, or within the Earth?

within the atmopshere

By what process does air that is in contact with the Earth’s surface get heat?

conduction

Which of the following is an example of conduction

burn hand on hot pan

Why does a small piece of burning paper float up into the air?

convection

Which of the following is an example of radiation?

warm hands by the fireplace

By what process does energy from the Sun get to Earth’s surface?

radiation

When a mass exchanges energy with a faraway mass by sending photons to it, what do we call this?

radiation

Where does conduction move energy into, out of, or within the Earth?

from the surface to the atmosphere

When a mass exchanges energy with an adjacent mass by jiggling against it, what do we call this?

conduction

By what process does a blob of hot air move its heat from Earth’s surface up into the atmosphere?

convection

Which of the following is an example of convection?

hot air balloon rises

Which of the following countries uses Fahrenheit

U.S, liberia, bahamas, Cayman Islands, palau, The federated states of Micronesia, The Marshall Islands

Would most people consider 40 K cold or hot?

cold

What is 20 C in Kelvin?

293 K

Add 273+ 20C

How long does it take to drive 5 km at 20 km/ hour?

0.25 hours

divide 5km/ 20km/hour km will cancel out

Using the minus 30 and halve approximation, what is 80 F in Celsius?

25 C

Using the minus-thirty-and-halve approximation, what is 50 °F in Celsius?

10 C

Which of the following is a typical temperature of the Sun?

6000 K

What is appropriate clothing for 260 K?

heavy winter jacket and earmuffs

Which of the following is a typical temperature of an oven?

450 K

How many Joules of heat are generated by a heater that outputs 500 W for 10 minutes?

300 kJ

500 W= 500 J/s

Convert 10 minutes to seconds: 10 min X 60 = 600 s

500X 600s

=300, 000 J.

Convert joules to kilojoules

1 kJ= 1000 J

300,000/1000= 300 kJ

What is 30 C in Kelvin

303 K

Using the minus-thirty-and-halve approximation, what is 110 °F in Celsius?

40 C

What is 0 C in Kelvin

273K

What is special about 0 K

nothing moves

Which of the followiing is a typical temperature of Earth?

300 K

Would most people consider 40 F cold or hot?

cold

Would 40 C be considered cold or hot

hot

What is approaite clothing for 300 K

shorts and t-shirt

What is appropriate clothing for 280 K?

pants and a sweater maybe a light jacket

Which of the following is a typical temperature of a blowtorch?

2000 K

When talking about the wavelengths of radiation from the Sun and Earth, it is most convenient to use which unit?

mircometer

What is true about all photons?

they travel at the same speed

What do we call the radiation emitted by a planet? 

longwave

What do we call the radiation emitted by the sun?

shortwave

What is a valid defintion of wavelength

the distance from a peak to an adjacent peak

Which of the following is not the same as the rest?

thousandth of a meter

What is another name for longwave?

infrared

Which of the three has the longest wavelength?

infrared

Which is not a type of photon?

proton

What of the following emits photons?

• a chair

• the earth

• a person

• the sun

What is another name for shortwave?

sunlight

Which of the three has the shortest wavelength

blue

Which of the three has the longest wavelength

red

Which of the three has the shortest wavelength?

ultraviolet

3⁴ equals

81

Between a blue star and a red star, which has the higher temperature?

the blue star by Wien's law

Between a blue berry and a red berry, which has the higher temperature?

cannot tell because their color is scattered light

Which radiates the most power, a wall with a total area of 2 m² and temperature of 310 K, or a chair with a total area of 2 m² and temperature of 310 K?

they radiate the same power

2⁴ equals

16

The power per area emitted by an object, in W/m², is equal to 

5.67(T/100)⁴

Which person did not play a role in discovering the power per area of radiation emitted by an object? 

Watt

Which of the following is not a gas giant?

venus

How many rocky planets are there in our Solar System?

4

What is albedo

the fraction of sunlight reflected to space

How many gas giants are there in our Solar system?

4

How many planets are there in our solar system?

8

which of the following describes the planet mercury?

closest to the sun

smallest planet

no atmosphere

Which of the following is not a rocky planet?

neptune

What is the temperature of the sun where it emits light?

6000 K

The temperature of Mercury is most similar to which of the following?

oven

if we could somehow double the albedo of Mars, would its temperature go up or down?

down

The Curiosty rover is on which planet?

mars

What happens when we calculate the average temperature of Earth the same way that we did for Mercury and Mars?

we get too cold a temperature

What is the average temperature of Earth’s surface air?

288 K

Compared to the Earth, is Mars farther from the Sun or closer to the Sun?

farther

Do suction cups work in the deep ocean?

yes

Which of the following was not a consequence of the Great Oxygenation Event?

swarms of earthquakes

At Earth’s surface, atmospheric pressure is equivalent to

10 tons per squre meter

What is the most abundant molecule in Earth’s atmosphere?

N₂

Why is there abundant nitrogen in Earth’s atmosphere?

• N2 does not like to stay in magma so is emitted by volcanoes

• N2 does not readily react chemically

Do scution cups work in space

no

by what procress do cyanobacteria release oxygen?

photosynthesis

What is another name for cyanobacteria?

blue-green algae

Low atmopsheric surface pressure usually correspnds to

cloud and rainy weather

Pressure decreases as we move downwards in a fluid like the ocean or atmosphere

false

Roughly how thick is Earth’s atmosphere

10 km

Roughly what fraction of Earth’s atmopshere is oxygen

20%

In the ocean and in the atmosphere, pressure is equal to

the weight per area of overlying fluid

What caused the Great Oxygenation Event 2.4 billion years ago?

cyanobacteria

900 millibars equals

0.9 bar

Which emits water molecules at a faster rate?

hot water

If RH < 1, then

liquid water evaporates

If a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen has a total pressure of 900 mbars, and if the partial pressure of nitrogen is 720 mbars, what is the partial pressure of oxygen?

180 bars

According to the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, the saturation vapor pressure p_v^* is a function only of

temperature

Relative humidity is the vapor pressure in the air divided by the saturation vapor pressure. 

true

If the temperature of air in a sealed jar is doubled without changing the number of air molecules, how does the pressure in the jar change?

it doubles