Organic Chemistry: Table 3.1 Relative Acid Strengths and Structures

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering the chemical structures, identity, and highlighted acidic protons of selected Bronsted-Lowry acids from WileyPLUS Table 3.1.

Hydrobromic Acid ($HBr$)

A strong binary halogen acid depicted in Table 3.1 as $Br-H$, possessing a covalent bond to an acidic proton highlighted in red.

Hydrochloric Acid ($HCl$)

A strong mineral acid depicted in Table 3.1 as $Cl-H$, featuring an acidic hydrogen atom highlighted in red bonded directly to chlorine.

Sulfuric Acid ($H_2SO_4$)

A diprotic mineral acid depicted in Table 3.1 as $H-O-S(=O)_2-O-H$, showing an acidic proton highlighted in red bonded to an oxygen atom of the sulfonyl core.

Hydronium Ion ($H_3O^+$)

The conjugate acid of water depicted in Table 3.1 as a positively charged oxygen species with three bonded hydrogens, with one acidic proton highlighted in red.

Anilinium Ion ($C_6H_5NH_3^+$)

An aromatic conjugate acid depicted in Table 3.1 as a benzene ring bonded to a positively charged ammonium group ($-NH_3^+$), with an acidic proton highlighted in red on nitrogen.

Acetic Acid ($CH_3COOH$)

A carboxylic acid depicted in Table 3.1 as $CH_3-C(=O)-O-H$, featuring a carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group whose acidic proton is highlighted in red.

Hydrogen Sulfide ($H_2S$)

A weak binary sulfur acid depicted in Table 3.1 as a bent $H-S-H$ structure, with an acidic proton highlighted in red bonded to the sulfur atom.

Acetylacetone (Pentane-2,4-dione)

A beta-diketone depicted in Table 3.1 with two carbonyl groups flanking a central methylene carbon, where the acidic alpha-hydrogen is highlighted in red.

Ammonium Ion ($NH_4^+$)

The tetrahedral conjugate acid of ammonia depicted in Table 3.1 with a formal positive charge on nitrogen and an acidic proton highlighted in red.

Phenol ($C_6H_5OH$)

An aromatic alcohol depicted in Table 3.1 as a phenyl ring attached to a hydroxyl group, whose acidic phenolic proton is highlighted in red.

Water ($H_2O$)

An amphoteric oxygen hydride depicted in Table 3.1 as bent $H-O-H$, acting as an acid with one acidic proton highlighted in red.

Ethanol ($CH_3CH_2OH$)

A primary alcohol depicted in Table 3.1 as an ethyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group, with the acidic hydroxyl proton highlighted in red.

tert-Butanol ($(CH_3)_3COH$)

A bulky tertiary alcohol (2-methylpropan-2-ol) depicted in Table 3.1 with three methyl groups bonded to a central carbon bearing an $-OH$ group, with the acidic proton highlighted in red.

Acetone ($CH_3COCH_3$)

A simple ketone (propan-2-one) depicted in Table 3.1 with a carbonyl group, showing one alpha-carbon hydrogen highlighted in red as an acidic proton.

Acetylene ($HC \equiv CH$)

An alkyne (ethyne) depicted in Table 3.1 containing a carbon-carbon triple bond, with an $sp$-hybridized terminal C-H proton highlighted in red as an acidic site.

Ammonia ($NH_3$)

A nitrogen hydride depicted in Table 3.1 with trigonal pyramidal geometry, functioning as an acid with one of its N-H protons highlighted in red.

Ethylene ($H_2C=CH_2$)

An alkene (ethene) depicted in Table 3.1 containing a planar carbon-carbon double bond, with an $sp^2$-hybridized C-H proton highlighted in red.

Ethane ($CH_3CH_3$)

A saturated alkane depicted in Table 3.1 containing a carbon-carbon single bond, with an extremely weakly acidic $sp^3$-hybridized C-H proton highlighted in red.

Table 3.1 (WileyPLUS Acid Strengths Table)

A reference table from learn.wileyplus.com organized with an 'ACID' column that tabulates acids in descending order of strength from strong mineral acids ($HBr$, $HCl$) to extremely weak hydrocarbons ($CH_3CH_3$).

Acidic Proton Highlighting Convention

The pedagogical notation utilized across Table 3.1 where the specific, most acidic hydrogen atom available for transfer as a proton ($H^+$) is highlighted in red font.