Erikson V Quiz 10/6/26

Temperature

A measure of the average kinetic energy (motion) of the particles in a substance.

Energy

The capacity to do work or produce heat.

Exothermic

A process or chemical reaction that releases thermal energy (heat) to its surroundings.

Endothermic

A process or chemical reaction that absorbs thermal energy (heat) from its surroundings.

Joule (J)

The standard International System (SI) unit used to measure energy, work, or heat.

calorie (cal)

A non-SI unit of heat energy, defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1^\circ\text{C}$.

Heat

The transfer of thermal energy from a hotter object or region to a cooler one due to a temperature difference.

Freezing

The phase change in which a substance transitions from a liquid to a solid by losing thermal energy.

Melting

The phase change in which a substance transitions from a solid to a liquid by absorbing thermal energy.

Vaporizing

The phase change in which a substance transitions from a liquid to a gas (includes boiling and evaporation).

Condensing

he phase change in which a substance transitions from a gas to a liquid by losing thermal energy.

Kelvin (K)

The base SI unit of temperature, measured on an absolute scale where 0 K represents absolute zero (the complete absence of thermal motion).

Reactant

A starting substance present at the beginning of a chemical reaction that undergoes a chemical change.

Product

A new substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction.