(unit 2 part a notes) Higgins, Lauren, Period 3

standard anatomical position

standing upright, face forward, arms at sides, palms turned forward, feet flat

acromial

pertaining to the acromion(point of shoulder)

antebrachial

pertaining to the forearm

antecubital

pertaining to the area in front of the elbow

anterior(ventral)

toward the front or belly-side of the body

anteroposterior

passing from the anterior(front) toward the posterior(back) of the body

axillary

pertaining to the armpit

bilateral

pertaining to 2 sides

brachial

pertaining to the upper arm

buccal

pertaining to the cheek

calcaneal

pertaining to the heel bone

carpal

pertaining to the wrist

caudal

toward the tailbone

cephalic

pertaining to the head, toward the head

cephalocaudal

pattern of growth and development that proceeds from the head downward to the feet

cervical

pertaining to the neck

coxal

pertaining to the hip

cranail

pertaining to the skull

crural

pertaining to the leg, specifically the shin bone

cubital

pertaining to the elbow

deep

more internal, further inside the body, away from the body surface

digital

pertaining to the fingers or toes

distal

situated farther away from the center of the body, the trunk, or the point where a limb attaches to the body

external

outer part of the body

femoral

pertaining to the thigh

fibular

refers to the lateral side of the lower leg

frontal

pertaining to the forehead

genital

pertaining to the reproductive organs

gluteal

pertaining to the buttox

inferior

positioned below or toward the feet

inguinal

pertaining to the groin

interal

inside the body

lateral

father away from the midline, toward the side of the body

left

the left-handed side of a person in standard anatomical position

lumbar

pertaining to the low back region and the 5 vertebrae between the chest and sacrum

mammary

pertaining to the breast region

medial

toward the midline, or center of the body

mental

pertaining to the chin

metacarpal

pertaining to the hand bones

midline

an imaginary center line splitting the body into right and left halves

nasal

pertaining to the nose

occipital

pertaining to the back of the head

olecranal

pertaining to the olecranon, or the bony tip/pointy part of the elbow

oral

pertaining to the mouth

orbital

pertaining to the eye or eye socket

otic

pertaining to the ear

palmar

pertaining to the palm of the hand

parietal

pertaining to the outer wall of a body cavity

patellar

pertaining to the kneecap(patella)

pectoral

pertaining to the chest

perineal

pertaining to the perineum

plantar

pertaining to the sole or bottom surface of the foot

popliteal

pertaining to the back of the knee

posterior(dorsal)

toward the back of rear side of the body

posteroanterior

passing from the posterior(back) towards the anterior(front) of the body

prone

lying face down with palms downward

proximal

situated near the center of the body, the trunk, or point where a limb attaches to the body

pubic

refers to the genital region

right

right handed side of a person in standard anatomical position

sacral

pertaining to the triangular bone at the base of the spine

scapular

pertaining to the scapula, or shoulder blades in upper back

sternal

pertaining to the sternum(breastbone)

superficial

towards the body surface, closer to the skin

superior

positioned above or higher than another part of the body

supine

lying flat on back with palms facing upward

sural

relating to or located in the calf

tarsal

pertaining to the ankle

thoracic

pertaining to the chest(thorax)

umbilical

pertains to the navel or belly button

unilateral

pertaining to one side

vertebral

relating to the spine or backbone

visceral

pertaining to internal organs

transverse plane, horizontal plane, axial plane

splits body into superior and inferior portions

frontal plane, coronal plane

divides body vertically into anterior and posterior

sagittal plane

divides body vertically into left and right portions

midsagittal plane, median sagittal plane

cute straight down the exact middle of the body creating 2 halves, left and right side

parasagittal plane

cuts off-center creating unequal left and right portions

oblique plane

cuts through the body at a slanted angle that is neither horizontal or vertical

anatomy

study of body structures

anterior

head of the body

ventral

belly side

posterior

tail end

dorsal

back of body or spinal column

physiology

study of the functions of body structures

pathophysiology

study of disease

body cavities(dorsal and ventral)

spaces in the body that contain/protect internal organs and body structures

dorsal cavity(separated into cranial and spinal cavities)

protects organs/tissues within the back side of the body

cranial cavity

located in the skull and protects the brain

middle ear cavity

in eardrum and inner ear

orbital cavity

protects the eye

nasal cavity

divided vertically by nasal septum

oral cavity

in mouth

spinal cavity

located in the spinal column and protects spinal cord

ventral cavity

protects organs/tissues in front side of body(thoracic, abdominal, pelvic cavities)

thoracic cavity/chest cavity

protects heart lungs, esophagus, major blood vessels that run through chest

diaphragm

large muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities, plays role in breathing

pleural cavity

space between outside of the lungs and interior chest wall

mediastinum

central compartment of the chest, contains heart, major blood vessels, trachea, thymus, esophagus, and nerves

pericardial cavity

small, fluid-filled space surrounding the heart, located in mediastinum and lies between layers of pericardium

pericaridum

protective sac around the heart where fluid helps reduce friction as the heart beats