Philosphy Exam 3

What is a theory of right actions?

Say that it is a statement of necessary and Sufficient conditions for the rightness of actions

what is a necessary condition

Necessary conditions are for Q is to say if Q is true P is True

What are sufficent Condtions

Sufficient conditions are P is a Sufficient condition for Q is to say that P is true then Q is true

What is an argument

Series of statements, the last of which, the conclusion is to follow from the others.

What is Kantianism?

Kantians suggest that while it is permissible to sometimes use inanimate objets and non humans animals as a mere means to our own goals, we cannot use persons in this way

What is principle K ( The formula of Humanity)

An action is morally right IF AND ONLY IF, in performing that act, we treat a person as a mere means

what are our three attempts to define the term ‘treats as a mere means.’

Attempt 1 : "To say that A treats B as a mere means is to say that A uses B to achieve some goal of A’s but B does not share that goal."

Attempt 2: "To say that A uses B as a mere means is to say that A uses B in such a way that, if B knew all about it, B would not want A to use him in that way."

Attempt 3: An action is morally wrong if and only if, in performing that act, we use someone to achive our goal and regard them a s mere instrument or tool ingnoring thier well beings

What does it mean by intrinsic value

Something has value in itself, not because it is useful to someone.

What does it mean by instrumental

Something has value because it helps you achieve something else.

In normative ethics, we attepmt to determine the moral status of actions in what

In general

In normative ethics we look for views of the form:

Anc act is morally right if and only if it is F

In applied ethics we look at this form

An act of type T is wrong if and only if it is F

What view does a extreme conservative look

Euthanasia is always wrong

what view does a extreme liberal view

Euthanasia is never wrong

What is the one restriction on liberal view

Euthansiia is wrong if it is involuntary

What is the difference between passive and active euthansia

Active Euthanasia the doctor kills the patient, with passive the patient the doctor lets them die

What does the official AMA policy state

While passive euthanasia is sometimes permissible, active euthanasia is always wrong

What is active Euthanasia?

The doctor actively kills the patient

What is passive euthanasia

The doctor lets the patient die

What is euthanasia

Is the administration of a lethal agent by another person to a patient for the purpose of relieving the patient intolerable and incurable suffering

What does it mean when we say kill

to say that X kills y is to say x causes the death of y

What do we mean when we say letting die

to say the x lets y die is to say that x could prevent y from dying, but does not do so

What is rachel’s bare difference main argument

Killing is not intrinsically morally worse than letting die.

According to the extreme view in abortion

Abortion is always wrong

What right overrides all rights

The right to life