Demography and Population Geography Vocabulary

A comprehensive collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key population terms and definitions from the lecture notes.

Agricultural density

Ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.

Agricultural revolution

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied on hunting and gathering.

Arithmetic density

Total number of people divided by the total land area.

Census

Complete enumeration of a population.

Crude birth rate

Total number of live births in a year for every $1,000$ people alive in society.

Crude death rate

Total number of deaths in a year for every $1,000$ people alive in society.

Demographic transition

Change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth rates to low crude birth rates.

Demography

Scientific study of population characteristics.

Dependency ratio

Number of people under the age of $15$ and over age $64$ compared to the number of people active in the labor force.

Doubling time

Number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

Epidemiologic transition

Distinctive causes of death in each stage of demographic transition.

Epidemiology

Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence and control of diseases that affect a large number of people.

Ecumene

The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

Industrial revolution

Improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

Infant mortality rate

Total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every $1,000$ live births in a society.

Life expectancy

Number of years an individual can be expected to live.

Medical revolution

Medical technology invented in Europe and North America.

Natural increase rate

Percentage of growth of a population in a year.

Overpopulation

Condition in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment.

Pandemic

Disease that occurred over an area.

Physiological density

Number of people per unit of area of arable land, suitable for agriculture.

Population pyramid

Bar graph representing population by age and sex.

Sex ratio

Number of males per $100$ females in a population.

Total fertility rate

Average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.

Zero population growth

Decline in total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.