Quiz 1 OCC 514 ;)

Three Core OT Process Steps

Evaluation, intervention, and outcomes.

Components of OT Evaluation

Consultation, screening, profile, performance analysis, and evaluation synthesis.

Components of OT Intervention

Intervention plan development, intervention implementation, and intervention review.

Components of OT Outcomes

Outcomes measurement, transition, and discontinuation.

Five OT Domains

Occupations, context, performance patterns, performance skills, and client factors.

ADL Category

Activities of daily living focused on caring for one's own body.

IADL Category

Instrumental activities of daily living supporting daily life within home and community.

Health Management Category

Activities structured to maintain physical and mental health and wellness.

Rest and Sleep Category

Activities obtaining restorative rest and sleep to support active engagement.

Education Category

Activities needed for learning and participating in educational environments.

Work Category

Labor, employment seeking, job performance, and volunteer participation.

Play Category

Any spontaneous or organized activity providing enjoyment, entertainment, or amusement.

Leisure Category

Nonobligatory, intrinsically motivated activity engaged in during discretionary time.

Social Participation Category

Activities involving social interaction with community, family, and peers.

Context Domain Definition

Environmental and personal factors surrounding a client's daily performance.

Performance Patterns Definition

Habits, routines, roles, and rituals that structure everyday life.

Motor Performance Skills Examples

Stabilizing, reaching, manipulating, and positioning objects during tasks.

Process Performance Skills Examples

Initiating, sequencing, continuing, and organizing actions during task execution.

Social Interaction Skills Examples

Replying, expressing emotion, matching language, and regulating social engagement.

Client Factors Definition

Values, beliefs, spirituality, body structures, and body functions.

Occupation Definition

Meaningful everyday life pursuits in which individuals engage.

Activity Definition

Tasks supporting participation and performance in meaningful occupations.

Wingman Model Purpose

Organizes clinical reasoning connecting mental health needs to occupational performance.

Wingman Model Components

Diagnosis, etiology, prognosis, symptoms, context, profile, assessment, intervention, outcomes.

ADA Reasonable Accommodation

Modifications enabling qualified individuals with disabilities to perform essential job functions.

ADA Undue Hardship

Action requiring significant difficulty or expense relative to employer resources.

ADA Consultation Step 1

Disclosure of disability and formal request for workplace accommodation.

ADA Consultation Step 2

Interactive dialogue between employer, employee, and OT consultant.

ADA Consultation Step 3

Assessment and ergonomic evaluation proposing feasible workplace accommodations.

ADA Consultation Step 4

Implementation and ongoing evaluation of accommodation effectiveness.

Tier 1 Public Health Approach: Universal

Universal mental health promotion for all through healthy routines and coping skills.

Tier 2 Public Health Approach: Targeted

Targeted support for groups at risk or showing emerging mental health concerns.

Tier 3 Public Health Approach: Intensive

Intensive, individualized recovery services for severe mental health daily disruption.

Bipolar II Diagnosis

One or more major depressive or hypomanic episodes with no manic episodes.

Bipolar Etiology

Multifactorial combination of genetic, neurochemical, and environmental factors.

Bipolar Prognosis

Poor with repeated occurrences; decreasing episode frequency assists long-term recovery.

Major Depressive Disorder Diagnosis

Persistent depressive episodes with five or more symptoms impairing daily function.

Major Depressive Disorder Etiology

Multifactorial biological, environmental, and psychosocial factors like abnormal serotonin levels.

Major Depressive Disorder Prognosis

Improves with treatment; higher initial severity increases likelihood of recurrence.

Removed DSM-5 Schizophrenia Subtypes

Paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, and undifferentiated subtype labels were eliminated.

Paranoid Schizophrenia Features

Intense paranoid delusions and hallucinations with mostly intact cognitive functions.

Disorganized Schizophrenia Features

Severe disorganization in thinking, speech, behavior, and erratic emotional expression.

Catatonic Schizophrenia Features

Severe motor disturbances such as immobility, excessive movement, or unusual postures.

Undifferentiated Schizophrenia Features

Broad range of schizophrenia symptoms lacking a single clear dominant subtype theme.

Schizophrenia Diagnostic Criteria

Two or more active symptoms lasting at least one month with onset early 30s.

Schizophrenia Etiology

Complex interplay of genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors.

Schizophrenia Prognosis

50% achieve complete or sufficient recovery; 25% experience repeated hospitalizations.

PTSD Diagnostic Criteria

At least one month of intrusive memories, recurring dreams, and psychological distress.

PTSD Etiology

Direct or indirect exposure to traumatic events, serious injury, or sexual violence.

PTSD Prognosis

Recovery varies; evidence-based treatment significantly improves long-term occupational outcomes.

Borderline Personality Disorder Features

Pervasive instability in mood, interpersonal relationships, self-image, and severe impulsivity.

Borderline Personality Disorder Etiology

Biopsychosocial model combining genetic predisposition, emotional dysregulation, and trauma.

Borderline Personality Disorder Prognosis

Good long-term remission rates using targeted therapies like Dialectical Behavior Therapy.

Antisocial Personality Disorder Criteria

Pattern of disregarding others' rights, deceitfulness, and impulsivity in adults over 18.

Antisocial Personality Disorder Etiology

Genetic and neurobiological factors combined with early severe childhood neglect or adversity.

Antisocial Personality Disorder Prognosis

Guarded chronic core traits, though overt criminal behaviors often decrease with age.

Context and Environment Considerations

Evaluating support access, societal stigma, housing stability, and sensory triggers.

Theory Definition in OT

Explains why and how specific phenomena or outcomes occur.

Model Definition in OT

Applies general theoretical concepts directly to the occupational therapy domain.

Frame of Reference Definition

Provides specific, practical guidelines for evaluation and intervention execution.

MOHO Core Idea

Occupational participation reflects person, environment, volition, habituation, and performance interaction.

MOHO Key Constructs

Volition (motivation, personal causation), habituation (habits/roles), and performance capacity (skills).

When to Use MOHO

When client motivation, habits, daily roles, or physical abilities limit participation.

MOHO Assessment Examples

Occupational Self Assessment (OSA) and Occupational Circumstances Assessment Interview (OCAIRS).

Recovery Model Core Idea

Supports hope, personal empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and non-linear healing journey.

Recovery Model Constructs

Self-direction, empowerment, peer support, community, and client-defined meaningful recovery.

When to Use Recovery Model

With individuals experiencing mental health conditions seeking meaningful community life.

Recovery Model Assessment Examples

Quality of Life Interview, Oregon Quality of Life Questionnaire, Empowerment Scale.

Trauma-Informed Care Core Idea

Recognizes trauma impact, identifies symptoms, and actively prevents re-traumatization.

Trauma-Informed Care Constructs

Safety, trustworthiness, transparency, peer support, collaboration, empowerment, and choice.

When to Use Trauma-Informed Care

With clients experiencing physical, emotional, social, or systemic trauma.

Trauma-Informed Care Assessment Approach

Uses observations and screening without requiring explicit disclosure of trauma.

Four Elements of IRM

The client, the therapist, the occupation, and interpersonal events.

IRM Interpersonal Reasoning Steps

Anticipate, identify, check mode, choose response, draw skills, gather feedback.

Therapeutic Use of Self

Planned, intentional, self-aware, and responsible interpersonal interactions by the therapist.

IRM Advocating Mode

Ensures client rights and secures access to necessary community resources.

IRM Collaborating Mode

Shares decision-making power and invites client partnership in goal setting.

IRM Empathizing Mode

Actively listens, validates emotions, and strives to understand client feelings.

IRM Encouraging Mode

Instills hope, offers positive reinforcement, and celebrates small achievements.

IRM Instructing Mode

Provides clear structure, explicit directions, and educational demonstration of tasks.

IRM Problem-Solving Mode

Uses strategic reasoning to weigh pros and cons of intervention strategies.

OTPF-4 Categorization of Cognition

Classified specifically as a psychosocial client factor.

Bottom-Up Cognitive Assessment

Evaluates specific underlying cognitive components like orientation, memory, and attention.

Top-Down Cognitive Assessment

Evaluates occupational performance in client context, environment, and meaningful activities.

Basic Cognition Components

Alertness, emotional affect, orientation to surroundings, and functional memory.

Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE)

Standardized cognitive screening evaluating orientation, registration, attention, recall, and language.

Allen Cognitive Level Screen (ACLS)

Leather lacing task measuring visual problem solving, attention, and motor planning.

Allen Diagnostic Module (ADM)

24 standardized craft tasks assessing global cognitive processing across levels.

Routine Task Inventory (RTI)

Evaluates 14 ADLs/IADLs via observation, self-report, or caregiver reporting.

ACL Level 1: Automatic Actions

Reflexive responses to internal sensory cues and basic survival needs.

ACL Level 2: Postural Actions

Gross motor movement participation in response to posture and movement cues.

ACL Level 3: Manual Actions

Manual manipulation of familiar objects using simple, repetitive hand actions.

ACL Level 4: Directed Actions

Goal-directed completion of familiar daily routines following visual cues.

ACL Level 5: Exploratory Actions

Trial-and-error learning with poor anticipation of potential safety consequences.

ACL Level 6: Planned Actions

Abstract reasoning, multi-step planning, and accurate anticipation of future consequences.

Cognitive Remediation Definition

Restoratively improves underlying cognitive capacities using repeated, graded mental exercises.

Cognitive Compensation Definition

Modifies tasks, environments, or instructions to support participation despite deficits.

Dynamic Interactional Approach

Views cognition and self-awareness as dynamic, improving across varied contexts.

Cognitive Adaptation Strategy

Employs external environmental supports like alarms and checklists to aid function.

CO-OP Approach Strategy

Uses Goal-Plan-Do-Check meta-cognitive strategy to teach functional task performance.