Entomology General info

Hierarchy system of classification

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Parts of an insect

Head, Thorax, Abdomen.

Charles Darwin

Came up with the idea of natural selection to explain the mechanism of evolution. His work laid the foundation for modern evolutionary biology.

Evolution

To change overtime

Tera

Means wing in latin

Pterygote

with wings

Apterygote

Without wings

Arachnids

Not an insect, has 8 legs and 6 appendages that include: the chelicerae (pinchers) and the pedipalps (mouth part)

Myriapods

Class that includes millipedes and centipedes, non-insects

Non-insect

Creatures that do not have wings, visible mouthparts or wings.

Charles Lyell

Father of geology, created the concept of uniformitarianism.

uniformitarianism

The concept of uniformity in the environment, same patterns repeat over the years.

Malthuism parameters

Ways to measure populations

3-4-3 / 3-3-3

Refers to tarsus segments of the legs (front, middle, back)

Cambrian explosion

Led to the beginnings of insects which was later followed by flowers appearing on land.

Ecdysozoa

Animals that most their cuticle (outer layer) shed in a hormonally controlled process called ecdysis

Paranotal hypothesis

Wing developed from pre-existing lobes on sides.

Gill hypothesis

Wings evolved out of pre-existing gills seen in aquatic larval insects

Ametabolous

When an insect does not undergo a molting process

Hemimetabolous

Each time an insect melts it gets closer to its adult form, very slowly changes over time

Holometabolous

When an insect turns into an adult within one molt

Cretaceous period

Flowering plants appear on Earth

Carboniferous period

When winged insects first appeared

Internal systems insects have

Digestive, endocritive, nerve, respiratory, reproductive, tracheal and circulatory

Malpignian tubules

Kidney-like structures floating in the hemolymph, filters out waster and sends out with frass.

Hydrostatic skeleton

Musculat contractions push haemolymph to extend body parts (water resistant)

Spiracles

Where gas exchange happens

Hemocoel

The cavity where the internal organs are located

Hemolymph

Referred to as insect blood, despite not being true blood. Instead it keeps insects moist and helps with echolocation

Chitin

The tough material that the shells of insects are made up of

3 pairs of insect legs

Prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax

Oscilla

Smaller eyes on insects

Palps

Used to push food into the mouths of insects

Conrad Gesner

First person to look at insects (1500s)

Franciso Redi

First person to do experiments on insects, disproved “spontaneous generation”

Spontaneous generation

The discredited concept of flies being created from dead meat

William Kirby

Father of general entomology

Thomas say

Father of American entomology