seed propagation

Phenotype

Homogeneous/ heterogeneous

Genotype

Homozygous/ heterozygous

Homozygous

Similar offspring, true to type

Heterozygous

Diverse genetic offspring

Autogamy

Form of self pollination

Stigma receives pollen from the same flower

Geitonogamy

Form of self pollination

Pollen from another flower but the same plant

Cleistogamy

In self pollinating plants

Pollination occurs before the flower opens

Ex: peanut and violets

Composite Line

Developed by mixing several selected cross- pollinating lines with similar phenotypic features allowing them to intercross pollinate

Elite trees

A forestry term for a single seed-sources tree selected as superior genotypes that produce superior offspring

Harvest maturity

When a seed. An be removed from the plant without impairing germination or seed vigor

Hybrid vigor

When inbred crossing results in a population with greater size and vigor

Inbred line

Created by enforced self- pollination throught consecutive generations

Lines

A population of seedling plants whose genotype is maintained mostly in tact in consecutive generations

Multiline

Cultivar produced from a mixture of seeds from several pure lines with similar crop features. The result ends up with more genetic diversity

Rouging

Removal of off type plants of other cultivars or weeds from seed production field

Self incompatibility

Genetic barriers to successful pollination or fertilization between plants

Synthetic line

Hybrids derived from several inbred lines or clones preselected by the breeder for their general combining ability

Monoecious plants

Male and female flowers but on the same plant

Pure line

Created from self-pollinated descendants of a single parent selected as superior from heterogeneous population

Purity determination

Percentage by weight of “pure seed”

Seed

Ripened ovule carrying the genetic information for the next generation

Germination

Committed stage of plant development rolling radicle emergence from the seed covering, leading to seeding

Vivpary

Germination of seeds prematurely on the plant without desiccation drying

Recalcitrant

Seeds that don’t tolerate desiccation drying

Imbition

Initial rapid increase in water uptake

During early seed germination

Lag

Active metabolic activity with little water uptake

During early seed germination

Radicle protrusion

Fresh weight gain with additional water uptake

During early seed germination

Hypocotylo

Stem section between cotyledons and radicle

Epicotyl

Section between cotyledons and first true leave

Germination percentage

Number of seeds that produce a seedling from a seed population

Germination speed (rate)

How rapidly a lot germinates

Germination uniformity

How close in time seeds germinate or seedlings emerge