sexually transmitted infections

Hiv

Agent of aids

1-6 weeks

Incubation of AIDS

HIV RNA

10-15 days 90% accurate

(Test types)

Ultra sensitive

5 days afterexposure 90% accurate

(Test types of aids)

Hiv p24

2 weeks after exposure, 95% accuracy

(Test types in aids)

Receptive anal

Highest chance of getting hiv

Recieving oral sex

Lowest chance of getting hiv

Acute hiv infection

Some people may experience flu-like symptoms, while others may have no noticeable symptoms

(Stages of hiv infection)

Clinical latency

HIV may not cause any symptoms for several years, but the virus is still active and is replicating n the background.

(Stages of hiv)

AIDS

severe immune system damage. At this stage, the immune system is significantly compromised, and opportunistic infections or cancers can occur.

(Stages of hiv)

Plasma HIV RNA viral load

one of the most significant predictors of progression from HIV infection to

AIDS, especially in individuals who have not received antiretroviral therapy (ART).

high viral load

greater than 100,000 copies/mL) indicates active viral replication, which increases the risk of immune system damage

Cd4 count below 200

hallmark for the diagnosis of AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) in an HIV-infected individual.

Antiretroviral therapy

is the standard treatment for HIV. It involves a combination of antiretroviral drugs that suppress the Replication of the virus and help maintain a healthy immune system

❖ Counseling and education.

❖ Compliance with treatment.

❖ Contacting partners for treatment.

❖ Condom promotion.

Four Cs in management of Hiv/aids

Ra11166

Philippine HIV and Aids policy act

Gonorrhea

Clap, flores, blancas, gleet

Neisseria gonorrhea

Agent of gonorrhea

Thick purulent pus like, yellow or greenish foul smelling

Common symtpoms of gonorrhea

Thayer martin agar

Special culture medium used to grow neisseria gonorrhea and sometimes neisseria meningitides

• for antibiotic susceptibility testing

Gram stain

s useful for rapid diagnosis in symptomatic individuals but is less reliable for women or non-purulent infections.

500 mg of intramuscular Ceftriaxone + Azithromycin 1 g

Gonorrhea treatment

Chlamydia trachomatis

Agent for chlamydial

1-3 weeks

Incubation for chlamydial

White, yellowish or cloudy; thin to moderate consistency

Chlamiydia consistenc

Chlamydia

❑ Often silent – many have no symptoms at all

❑ Discharge is less purulent than gonorrhea, may be mild.

❑ White, yellowish, or cloudy

❑ Thin to moderate consistency, odor: usually mild or none

dysuria, pelvic pain, or postcoital bleeding

Gonorrhea

genital discharge(thick Purulent pus-like ,Yellow or greenish, foul-smelling)

✓ pain or burning during urination, and abdominal or pelvic pain.

✓ Infections in the throat or rectum may cause discomfort, discharge, or bleeding

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Complications of chlamydia in women

Urine test or swabs from genital

Testing and diagnotic of chlamhdia

Doxycycline x 7days

Treament for chlamydia

Candida albicans

Candidiasis agent

Long term use of antibiotics, high blood sugar, oral contraceptives

Predisposing factors of candidiasis

Candidiasis

Fungal infection in sexuall transmitted infection

Thick, white nd no strong odor, cottage cheese

Discharge of candidiasis

Itching

What is prominent in candidiasis

Oral thrush

✓ White, creamy lesions on the tongue, inner cheeks, or roof of the mouth.

✓ Redness or soreness in the affected areas.

✓ Dysphagia

✓ Cotton-like feeling in the mouth

In candidiasis

Genital Candidiasis

(Women)

✓ Itching and irritation in the genital area.

✓ Redness and swelling of the vulva.

✓ Dyspareunia

✓ Dysuria

✓ White and cottage cheese-like vaginal discharge

Genital Candidiasis

(men)

✓ Itching and redness on the penis.

✓ Irritation and discomfort.

✓ Red rash on the penis

Cutaneous Candidiasis

✓ Red, itchy rash with well-defined borders.

✓ Satellite lesions (smaller lesions surrounding the main rash).

✓ Occurs in areas prone to moisture, such as skin folds.

Nystatin

Oral thrush treatment

Clotimazole,

Mucous membrane vagina candidiasis)

Fluconazole/amphotericin

Systemic infection in candidiasis

Amphotericin

For life threatening infection candidiasis

Trepnema pallidum

Syphilis agent

Leus venerea

Older and historical name for syphilis

• disease of love

Primary syphilis

STAGE OF SYPHILIS

• When: ~3 weeks after exposure (range: 10–90 days)

• Main symptom:

• Painless sore (chancre) on the genitals, mouth, or anus

• Heals on its own in 3–6 weeks

• Note: Person is highly contagious

Secondary syphilis

STAGE IF SYPHILIS

• When: Weeks to months after the chancre heals

• Main symptoms:

• Skin rash (often on palms and soles)

• Fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat

• Patchy hair loss, muscle aches, fatigue

• Symptoms go away, but infection is still in the body

• Still contagious

Latent syphilis

STAGE OF SYPHILIS

• When: After secondary stage ends

• No symptoms, but bacteria still present

• Divided into:

• Early latent: Less than 1 year (still contagious)

• Late latent: More than 1 year (usually not contagious)

• Detected only by blood tests

Tertiary syphilis

STAGE OF SYPHILIS

• When: Years (even decades) later if untreated

• Symptoms:

• Damage to brain, heart, nerves, eyes, or organs

• Can cause paralysis, blindness, dementia, organ failure, or death

• Not contagious, but very dangerous

Penicillin G benzathine IM 2.4 million units

Treatment for syphilis

Darkfield illumination test

Most effective if the moist lesion of syphilis are present

Fluorecent treponemal antibody absorption test

Used to test exudates from lesions (for syphilis)

Hsv2

genital herpes, which leads to painful sores or blisters in the genital or anal area. Transmitted through sexual contact

Hsv1

oral herpes, like cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth and lips.

Can also cause genital infections through oral-genital contact

PCR

Most accurate test for detectifn HSv DNA

Acyclovir

Antiviral medication for HSV1 and 2