w2 Pediatric Nursing, Genetics, and Child Maltreatment (copy)

Genotype

A person's inner genetic code made of DNA that directs how the body builds proteins.

Phenotype

The visible physical traits or bodily characteristics a person actually shows.

Trisomy 21

A condition caused by having an extra chromosome 21, commonly known as Down Syndrome.

Klinefelter Syndrome

A genetic condition affecting males born with an extra X chromosome, leading to taller height and potential infertility.

Turner Syndrome

Affects females who are missing all or part of one X chromosome, resulting in short stature and infertility.

Autosomal Recessive

A pattern of inheritance where a child needs two copies of a changed gene to show the condition.

Autosomal Dominant

A pattern of inheritance where only one copy of a changed gene is needed to show the condition.

Sex-Linked (X-Linked)

Traits passed on the X chromosome, where fathers cannot pass X-linked traits to sons.

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Conditions caused by missing or broken enzymes that prevent normal processing of foods.

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A condition where the body cannot break down phenylalanine, leading to severe brain damage if untreated.

Newborn Screening

A quick blood test done shortly after birth to catch serious genetic and metabolic problems.

Erikson's Stage: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Developmental stage where toddlers strive for independence and control over their bodies.

Potty Training Readiness

Requires both physical and mental readiness for a child to begin learning to use the toilet.

Developmental Regression

Reverting back to baby habits during stressful times, such as wetting pants or needing a bottle for comfort.

Night Terrors

Deep sleep disturbances occurring in the first third of the night, where the child appears terrified but does not wake up.

Lead Poisoning

Caused by exposure to lead, often from old paint or dust, leading to serious health effects.

Child Abuse

Intentional harm or neglect of a child, with various signs including physical injuries and neglectful behaviors.

Mitochondrial Inheritance

Genetic traits passed solely from mother to her children, as only egg cells pass down mitochondria.

Fragile X Syndrome

A genetic condition caused by repeated DNA sequences on the X chromosome, leading to intellectual disability.

Autosomal Dominant Examples

Marfan syndrome, Neurofibromatosis, and Huntington's disease.

Typical Toddler Behaviors

Behaviors such as saying 'no', ritualism, and experiencing physiological anorexia due to slowed growth.

Aggression in Preschoolers

Frustration-induced behavior resulting from limited verbal skills that requires modeled calmness from adults.

Comfort Items (Transitional Objects)

Favorite items like blankets or stuffed toys used by toddlers to ease fear and provide comfort.

Emergency Poison Steps

Action steps to take immediately, including calling Poison Control and finding out what was ingested.

Severe Starvation and Confinement

A tragic condition where a malnourished child shows signs of abuse and neglect, often leading to fatal consequences.

Back to Sleep Rule

Guideline that infants should sleep alone, on their backs, in an empty crib to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.