standing balance and locomotion

base of support

area bounded by the points of contact between the feet and ground - large base = more support

romberg test

challenges balance and used to measure postural stability - performance judged by trained clinician

centre of gravity

average position of all the mass of an object - also center of mass

controlling standing balance involves keeping

CoG within the base of support - the body is inherently unstable and gravity pulls down results in torques upon the different joints

force of the floor pressing back against the cane is called

ground reaction force

centre of pressure is calculated from the

ground reaction forces, and represents the summed/total ground reaction force

when standing still we are constantly

swaying about the anterolateral and mediolateral planes - small and slow movements

the pressure we apply under the feet (CoP) is said to

herd/corral the more slow movement of the body CoG

simplified model that captures the major aspects of standing balance

inverted pendulum - like shooting a firearm

gait cycle

rhythmic pattern of movments made when walking/running and 2 phases

stance/swing

bi pedal walking

mode of locomotion where the legs move in antiphase - one foot is in contact with the ground at all times - both feet at ground briefly

bi pedal running

locomotion where both legs move in antiphase - but both feet are never at the ground at the same time.- periods where nothing is contact with the ground - flight periods

quadrapedal locomotion

different and distinct patterns from bi pedal locomotion

as we move further away from the ankle

more sway - ankle is the main point of rotation

so shoulders would have a lot more movement than ankles

larger movements in centre of pressure than

centre of gravity

Gastrocnemius and soleus push us __, anterior tibialis

back - forward sway, push forward - backward sway

sot 5 is sensitive to

vestibular dysfunction