Exam 2 Review: Land Divisions, Island Types, Subsistence, Art, and Ecology

Comprehensive question-and-answer study flashcards covering Hawaiian land divisions, island types, cultural practices, arts, diet, and ecology for Exam 2 review.

Why is the Ahupuaʻa considered the most important traditional land division, and what geographical path did it follow?

It provided all the resources necessary to sustain life, running from the mountains into the ocean/sea.

How is a Makatea island created?

By the uplifting of an old coral reef or atoll, creating a raised coral island.

Under Hawaiian art classifications, what definition of art does hula exemplify?

Performance art, or an art that expresses and transmits culture and mana.

What is the complete definition of mālama ʻāina?

To care for and take care of the land so the land can care for and sustain you.

Approximately how many islands are located in the Pacific Ocean?

Approximately $25,000$ islands.

What type of island is Hawaiʻi an example of?

High volcanic island.

Which Hawaiian land division consists of a plot for gardening maintained by an ʻohana?

ʻIli.

What were some traditional purposes of tattoos in the Pacific?

To show social status/rank, show identity/genealogy, provide spiritual protection, or mark important life events.

What are three main reasons an atoll is considered one of the most difficult places for life?

Very little fresh water, poor/thin soil, and very little land with limited natural resources.

What is kapa, what plant is it usually made from, and what was it used for?

Kapa is bark cloth usually made from wauke. It was used for clothing, blankets, bedding, wrapping, decoration, and ceremonies.

What was the population estimate for Hawaiʻi in 1778, and what evidence was it based on?

Approximately $800,000$ people, based on archaeological evidence of agricultural/food production.

How much of the Earth's surface does the Pacific Ocean cover?

About one-third (approximately $30\%$).

Hawaiian prayer, fishing, and farming practices were dictated by which natural cycle?

The lunar/moon cycle.

How is Hawaiian art related to mana?

The artist/maker puts mana into the creation, and the finished object can carry or express mana.

According to traditional Hawaiian values, what two things would good leaders mālama?

ʻĀina and kānaka (the land and the people).

Which island type is characterized by large land space, old metamorphic rock makeup, diverse resources, and fertile soil?

Continental island.

The Happy Face Spider is an example of what category of species?

Endemic species.

What was the main source of protein in the traditional Hawaiian diet?

Fish/seafood.

How many main islands make up Ka Pae ʻĀina o Hawaiʻi?

$8$ main Hawaiian Islands.

What is the Hawaiian word for arts and crafts?

Hana noʻeau.

What is the most important definition of Hawaiian art?

Art that has purpose/function and carries or expresses mana and Hawaiian culture.

Which hulu color was the most prized, and why?

Yellow, because yellow feathers were extremely rare and associated with high chiefly status.

What are the three ways natural species arrive on an island?

Wind, waves/water, and wings/birds.

What is an example of a Hawaiian Mokupuni?

Maui (as well as Hawaiʻi, Oʻahu, or Kauaʻi).

Traditional cultural values and practices led Hawaiʻi to be what percentage self-sufficient?

$100\%$ self-sufficient / sustainable.

What was the staple crop of the traditional Hawaiian diet?

Kalo (taro).

Under Hawaiian art classifications, what type of art is a lei an example of?

Adornment/wearable art that expresses culture, meaning, and mana.

Due to the success of traditional land divisions, approximately how many hours a day did Hawaiians have to work?

About $4$ hours a day.

What is an ʻAumakua, and what does it provide?

An ancestral/family guardian spirit that provides protection, guidance, warnings, and support.