RIZAL'S HIGHER EDUCATION

University of Santo Tomas (UST)

The university Rizal entered in April 1877.

Philosophy and Letters

The course Rizal initially took at UST before shifting to Medicine.

Perito agrimensor (expert surveyor)

The professional title earned by Rizal through his surveying course at Ateneo Municipal.

A La Juventud Filipina

The award-winning poem written by Rizal in 1879 to honor the Filipino youth.

Salvadora

The Spanish steamer boarded by Rizal when he secretly left Manila for Spain in May 1882.

Jose Mercado

The name used by Rizal on his passport when traveling secretly to Spain.

Love of Country

The English translation of Rizal's patriotic essay Amor Patrio.

Medicine, and Philosophy and Letters

The two university courses Rizal pursued at the Central University of Madrid.

Dimasalang

The Masonic symbolic name adopted by Jose Rizal.

Juan Luna

The renowned Filipino painter who created the masterpiece Spoliarium.

Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo

The Filipino painter who created Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace.

Ophthalmology

The branch of medicine Rizal specialized in to treat his mother's failing eyesight.

Dr. Louis de Wecker

The French ophthalmologist whom Rizal assisted in Paris from November 1885 to February 1886.

A Las Flores de Heidelberg

The poem written by Rizal inspired by the blooming flowers along the Neckar River.

Ferdinand Blumentritt

The Austrian professor and scholar who became Rizal's close friend and correspondent.

Maximo Viola

The friend and travel companion who accompanied Rizal on his European tour in 1887.

Leitmeritz

The city where Rizal and Viola met Ferdinand Blumentritt in person for the first time.

Rome

The city referred to as 'The Eternal City' or 'City of the Caesars' visited by Rizal.

Emilio Terrero

The Spanish Governor-General who summoned Rizal to Malacañang to discuss Noli Me Tangere.

Lieutenant Jose Taviel de Andrade

The Spanish lieutenant assigned as Rizal's official bodyguard in Calamba.

Reverend Vicente Garcia

The Filipino Catholic priest-scholar who wrote a brilliant defense of Noli Me Tangere.

Jose Maria Basa

The patriot who helped Rizal in Hong Kong and accompanied him to Macao.

Kiu-Kiang

The steamer used by Rizal and Jose Maria Basa to travel from Hong Kong to Macao.

Seiko Usui (O-Sei-San)

The Japanese companion and romantic partner of Rizal during his stay in Tokyo.

Juan Perez Caballero

The secretary of the Spanish Legation in Tokyo who invited Rizal to stay at the legation.

Belgic

The English steamer that transported Rizal from Japan across the Pacific to the United States.

May 13, 1888

The date Rizal arrived in New York City via train after crossing the United States.

Antonio de Morga

The Spanish author of Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, which Rizal annotated.

Dr. Reinhold Rost

The librarian of the British India Office who referred to Rizal as 'una perla de hombre'.

Marcelo H. del Pilar

The propagandist who requested Rizal to write the Letter to the Young Women of Malolos.

Graciano Lopez Jaena

The patriot and orator who founded the reformist newspaper La Solidaridad.

1. Medicine; 2. Philosophy and Letters

The two courses Rizal took at the Central University of Madrid.

1. Gain advanced ophthalmological knowledge; 2. Study sciences and languages; 3. Observe Germany's economic and political conditions; 4. Associate with distinguished scientists and scholars; 5. Finish and publish Noli Me Tangere

The five main reasons Rizal went to Berlin.

Leitmeritz, Dresden, Prague, Vienna, Linz, Munich, Schaffhausen, Basel, Bern, Lausanne, Geneva, Turin, Milan, Venice, Florence, and Rome

Five or more cities visited by Rizal and Maximo Viola during their 1887 European tour.

1. Operate on his mother's eyes; 2. Serve the oppressed Filipino people; 3. Learn the effects of Noli Me Tangere and other writings; 4. Find out why Leonor Rivera remained silent

The four main reasons Rizal returned to the Philippines in August 1887.

Father Salvador Font, Father Jose Rodriguez, and Vicente Barrantes

The three prominent critics who attacked Noli Me Tangere.

1. Rizal was an educated scholar, not ignorant; 2. Criticized abusive friars and corrupt officials rather than the Church or Spain; 3. Father Rodriguez's reading contradicted his own rule that reading the novel was a mortal sin

The three main points of Reverend Vicente Garcia's defense of Noli Me Tangere.

Arbitrary rent increases, dispossession of lands and homes, high interest rates, confiscation of carabaos and tools, and lack of contributions to local improvements

Problems faced by tenants on the Dominican hacienda in Calamba.

1. His presence endangered his family, friends, and townmates; 2. He could fight for his country's cause more effectively by writing abroad

The two primary reasons Rizal left Calamba in 1888.

1. Improve his command of English; 2. Study and annotate Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas; 3. Conduct research safely in the British Museum; 4. Find a safe haven from Spanish persecution

The four reasons Rizal chose to stay in London.

Material progress, drive and energy of the people, natural beauty of the land, high standard of living, and opportunities for poor immigrants

The five positive impressions Rizal had during his visit to the United States.

Annotations to Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, La Vision del Fray Rodriguez, Letter to the Young Women of Malolos, Specimens of Tagal Folklore, Two Eastern Fables, and articles for La Solidaridad

Works or writings Rizal produced or worked on during his stay in London.

Japanese language (Nihongo), kabuki theater, arts and music, judo, and Japanese customs and culture

Aspects Rizal studied or experienced during his stay in Japan.