Ch.9: Human Development

________ determines which of a person’s genes are expressed and how they are expressed. ______ and _________ both play a role in developmental outcome

environment

nature, nurture

developmental psychology

study of changes over the life span in physiology, cognition, emotion, and social behavior

___________ set the order and timing of development, and the connection between nature and nurture shapes _________

pattern consistency

who we are throughout development

developmental process steps

conception

2 weeks: zygote

2 weeks-2 months: organs and systems formed in embryo, exposure to harm has lasting effects

2+ months: fetus, organs mature and the fetus grows larger

full-term pregnancies: 38-42 weeks

brain development

regions mature and learn to communicate through synaptic connections

______ is important for brain circuit maturation

myelination

brain is at ___ full size at 4 years old

80%

brain organizes responses according to ____________, preserves needed connections for functioning in a given context, ____ all others

environmental experiences

prunes

synaptic pruning

The synaptic connections in the brain that are used are preserved, while those that are not decay and disappear

_______ can diminish an enviornment. examples?

poverty

stress, poor nutrition, exposure to toxins and violence

environmental influences can __________ and __________ children from harmful effects of ____

foster development, protect, stress

what is the first social interaction in infants?

imitation

infants development of _____ allows them to observe and evaluate the objects and events around them

sensory capacity

describe senses in infants

good sense of smell, hearing, slow with vision which matures after one year

what causes development of vision in infants

practice from world exposure, development of visual cortex, development of retina’s cones

__________ determines visual acuity, _____ over _____

preferential-looking technique

high contrast, gray images

habituation technique

studies how infants categorize a series of objects based on the principle that after looking at objects all from the same category, they will look longer at objects in new categories

infants prefer faces from the same/ different race

same

infantile amnesia

inability to remember events from early childhood