History test Reformation.

Queen Elizabeth I

the Anglican church remained protestant under the authority of ___

Northern Germany

Martin Luther launched the Reformation in ___

Huldrych Zwingli

Catholic priest in Zurich, Switzerland, who’s influenced by Erasmus and Luther.

Huldrych Zwingli

War between Swiss protestants and Catholics kills this person

Published “Institutes of the Christian Religion”

John Calvin

“institutes of the Christian Religion”

A book published by John Calvin, that expressed ideas about God, salvation, and human nature.

Predestination

The belief that humans are sinful by nature, and God chooses a select few people to save.

Calvinism

A religion sprouted from Protestantism, that focused on the idea of predestination

John Calvin

____ believed that the ideal form of government was a theocracy.

Geneva, Switzerland

Calvin came to this city and governed it strictly, under protestant beliefs.

John Knox

Brought Calvin’s ideas back with him to Scotland

Presbyterians

Followers of Knox

Calvinism

Became the official religion of Scotland thanks to nobles led by John Knox

Mary of Scots

Catholic queen disposed of in favor of her infant son.

Huguenots

Followers of Calvin in France.

Antibaptists

Group that only baptized those old enough to decided to be Christian.

Antibaptists

Group that were pacifists and believed in the separation of church and state.

Antibaptists

Group persecuted by both Protestants and Catholics as they were seen as “radical”

Marguerite of Navarre

Woman who protected John Calvin from execution

Katherina von Bora

Wife of Martin Luther, who argued in favor of women’s equal roles in marriage.

Problem with the catholic church

High church officials often lived lavish lifestyles, using the church to gain wealth and power.

Problem with the catholic church

Church charged fees for certain religious services (marriage, baptism, etc)

Problem with the catholic church

the buying and selling of indulgences

Indulgences

A sort of “pardon” you could buy from the church in order to gain salvation/ forgiveness

Problem with the catholic church

Church was heavily involved in politics.

This angered many governments, especially the Kings of Europe

Churches involvement in politics

One of luther’s main ideas

Salvation through faith alone

Luthers idea of salvation through only faith

This threatened the churches monetization of salvation

One of luther’s main ideas

The bible is the only authority for Christian life

Martin Luther

Who claimed that the Pope was a false authority, threatening the church in the process

One of luther’s main ideas

Priesthood of all believers.

Matin Luther

Who believed priests, and the church itself, were not needed to interpret the bible?

Catholic reformation

An attempt to stop and reverse protestant gains throughout Europe

Pope Paul III

Reformed the catholic Church

Reform Commission

Group that took steps to prevent worldliness and instituted penalties for corruption in the catholic church

Council of Trent

Reaffirmed Catholic views, banned selling false indulgences, stated the churches interpretation of the bible is final, stated that the bible wasn’t the only source of religious truth

The inquisition

Special court designed to root out heresies, given power under Pope Paul III

The inquisition

used secret testimonies, torture, and execution to stop heresies

The Jesuits

an order created by Ignatius of Loyola to stop heresy, and spread Catholicism in East Europe. Members of this order also helped advise catholic leaders

Ignatius of Loyola

Created an order known as the Jesuits

Printing press

Made the Bible available to many, causing interpretations to vary

Printing press

Allowed for the spread of Luther’s 95 theses

Printing press

Groups such as the Antibaptists were able to form because of new interpretations of the Bible, caused by this

Martin Luther

Converted to Protestantism due to religious reasons/concerns

King Henry

Converted to Protestantism due to personal and political reasons

Pope Leo X

Called for the excommunication of Martin Luther

Martin Luther

Translated the Bible into German

Charles V

The Holy Roman Emperor who tried and failed to crush the reformation

Peace of Augsburg

An agreement that allowed for rulers of their state to be the ones to choose the religion of their state

King Henry

Despite reforming to Protestantism, kept their church similar to the catholic church

“Bloody” Mary

Attempted to return England to Catholicism after Henry’s death