Cell Types: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Plant vs. Animal Cells

Vocabulary flashcards covering the core structures, functions, and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as plant and animal cell organelles.

Prokaryote

A single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g., bacteria).

Eukaryote

An organism whose cells contain a nucleus holding DNA and organelles surrounded by a membrane; typically multi-celled and includes animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

Flagella

Long, thread-like structures present on some prokaryotic cells that enable locomotion.

Cilia

Short, hair-like structures found on some eukaryotic cells used for locomotion or moving substances like mucus.

Organelle

A specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell.

Cell Membrane

A phospholipid bilayer structure present in all cells that keeps the cell together, protects it, and regulates the passage of materials in and out.

Semi-permeable

A property of the cell membrane meaning only certain substances are able to pass through it.

Cytoplasm

The gel-like substance present in all cells in which other organelles float.

Ribosome

A cellular structure found in all cells that serves as the site of protein synthesis.

DNA

The genetic blueprint or control center of a cell; located inside the nucleus in eukaryotes and free-floating in prokaryotes.

Cell Wall

A rigid structure located outside the cell membrane in plant cells (as well as bacteria and fungi) that provides structure and protection.

Chloroplast

A green organelle found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs, producing sugar that mitochondria convert into energy.

Photosynthesis

The process where autotrophic plant cells use light to manufacture food.

Autotroph

A 'self-feeder' organism that traps sunlight to produce its own food.

Large Permanent Vacuole

A large organelle found in plant cells that stores water; when it loses water, the plant wilts.