Human Acts & their Acts and Actions (pt 2)

What determines whether the actions are morally right
or morally wrong?

This distinction is enveloped the term ______.

Morality

The essence of morality may follow the saying that if an act is commented and approved by ethical reason, then such an action is?

Right

The primary ideas of right and wrong are similar to:

• truth and falsity

• cause and effect

• substance and accident

Primary ideas are also called ________.

Trustworthy ideas

Distinction between right and wrong usually corresponds to the difference existing ______ in human acts.

objectively

The essence of morality depends on the approval/disapproval of?

Ethical Reason

3 statements of truthfulness:

Reason why our intellect approves _______.

some acts

3 statements of truthfulness:

Reason why our intellect disapproves _______.

other acts

3 statements of truthfulness:

Radical notion conveys them as _____.

good

If the act is intended for no other purposes, except to serve others, then it is?

Morally good

The moral characteristics of an act are the so-called:

DETERMINANTS OF MORALITY

3 Determinants of Morality:

• This is the act itself or any action done.

OBJECT OF THE ACT

3 Determinants of Morality:

• is good depending on the specification.

OBJECT OF THE ACT

3 Determinants of Morality:

• If the motive of an act is good, then the act is good.

END OR PURPOSE OF AN ACT

3 Determinants of Morality:

• "the end does not justify the means" means the purpose or end of an act is good but the employed means is wrong; thus, the act is _____.

Vitiated

3 Determinants of Morality:

• "the end does not justify the means" means the purpose or end of an act is good but the employed means is wrong; thus, the act is vitiated.

END OR PURPOSE OF AN ACT

3 Determinants of Morality:

• If the act itself is good but the prevailing circumstances are not favorable to the act done, the act is still wrong.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF AN ACT

3 Determinants of Morality:

• the act of giving money to poor people or beggars is morally good because it is an act of sharing your blessing. However, if the beggar does not do anything to earn a living, then the act is wrong because such act tolerates the habit of begging.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF AN ACT

3 Determinants of Morality:

• going to church every Sunday is good, but if the end or purpose of going to church is to show off one's new dress and to wear an expensive perfume, then the act is bad.

END OR PURPOSE OF AN ACT

3 Determinants of Morality:

• going to church or praising God is good in itself because God is the supreme goodness.

OBJECT OF THE ACT

For acts or omissions considered as felonies, the person should be ____ for such acts.

liable

4 Hindrances to Doing Moral Acts:

• If a person chooses to do a free act even if such an act is evil, he/she is still liable for such act even if he/she has no knowledge that such act is evil.

IGNORANCE OF THE ACT

4 Hindrances to Doing Moral Acts:

• “ignorance of the law excuses no one from noncompliance therewith.”

  • (Such provision of the New Civil code makes that person liable)

IGNORANCE OF THE ACT

4 Hindrances to Doing Moral Acts:

• This hindrance is present when a person is afraid to do a good act.

FEAR

4 Hindrances to Doing Moral Acts:

• This is a strong impulse from without, tending to force the agent to perform an act against his/her choice.

VIOLENCE

4 Hindrances to Doing Moral Acts:

• This is a strong impulse of the sensible appetite inclining the will to seek sensible good and fly from sensible evil.

CONCUPISCENCE

CONCUPISCENCE:

• arises unbidden by the will →

Antecedent

CONCUPISCENCE:

• arises at the command, or continues with the consent, of the will →

Consequent

CONCUPISCENCE:

• As soon as sensible good or evil is perceived, the appetite generally acts _____.

instinctively

4 Hindrances to Doing Moral Acts:

• This first impulse is not free, and, consequently, not imputable to the individual.

CONCUPISCENCE

4 Hindrances to Doing Moral Acts:

• It restrains one's own liberty, and, thus, lessens one's accountability.

CONCUPISCENCE