WHAP Unit 4 CED Answers

Between 1450 and 1750, "knowledge, scientific learning, and technology from --three-- worlds spread," facilitating European technological developments and innovation." From what three worlds did this stuff spread, helping Europe advance?

CED 4.1 Classical, Islamic, Asian

Between 1450 and 1750, technological/intellectual developments that helped Europe get ahead included what three things?

CED 4.1 Knowledge, scientific learning, and technology from the Classical, Islamic, and Asian worlds

Between 1450 and 1750, Europe experienced the "production

of new tools, innovations in ship designs, and an improved understanding of regional wind and currents patterns." What two things became possible because of those advances?

CED 4.1 transoceanic travel and trade

Who supported transoceanic maritime exploration during the period 1450-1750?

CED 4.2 States

What kind of empire did Portugal create starting around 1450?

CED 4.2 Trading post empire

Who sponsored --paid for-- "the voyages of Columbus and subsequent voyages across the Atlantic and Pacific" in the time period 1450-1750?

CED 4.2 Spanish

Between 1450 and 1750, "Portuguese development of maritime

technology and navigational skills led to increased travel to and trade with" what two places?

CED 4.2 Africa and Asia

What "dramatically increased" because of the voyages that Spain sponsored in the time period 1450-1750?

CED 4.2 European interest in transoceanic travel and trade

"Northern Atlantic crossings were undertaken" by what three countries in the time period 1450-1750?

CED 4.2 English, French, Dutch

What was often the goal of the countries who explored in the North Atlantic in the time period 1450-1750?

CED 4.2 Finding alternative sailing routes to Asia

What was the Columbian Exchange?

CED 4.3 New connections between E and W hemispheres that resulted in exchange of new plants, animals, and diseases.

"European colonization of the Americas led to the unintentional transfer of disease vectors, including" what two animals?

CED 4.3 Mosquitoes and rats

European colonization of the Americas caused "the spread of diseases that were endemic in the Eastern Hemisphere, including" what three diseases?

CED 4.3 Smallpox, measles, and malaria

What was the major effect of the diseases that the Europeans brought to the New World?

CED 4.3 substantially reduced the indigenous population

After the Columbian Exchange, "American foods became staple crops in various parts of" what three places?

CED 4.3 Europe, Asia, and Africa

After the Columbian Exchange, "cash crops were grown primarily on plantations" that used what kind of labor?

CED 4.3 coerced

After the Columbian Exchange, cash crops were grown on plantations in the Americas. Where were the crops exported to?

CED 4.3 Europe and the Middle East

According to CED 4.3, what 4 agricultural things "were brought by Europeans to the Americas" in the Columbian Exchange?

CED 4.3 Afro-Eurasian fruit trees, grains, sugar, and domesticated animals

Other than Europeans, who brought kinds of food to the New World in the Columbian Exchange?

CED 4.3 African slaves

Who "benefitted nutritionally from the increased diversity of

American food crops" after the Columbian Exchange?

CED 4.3 populations in Afro-Eurasia

Who profited when "Europeans established new trading posts in

Africa and Asia" in the period 1450-1750?

CED 4.4 Rulers and merchants involved in new global trade networks

Why did some Asian states adopt "restrictive or isolationist trade policies" in the period 1450-1750?

CED 4.4 to limit the disruptive cultural and economic effects of European-dominated long-distance trade.

What three kinds of rivalries drove European states to establish new maritime empires in the period 1450-1750?

CED 4.4 political, religious, economic

The CED lists 5 European countries that established new maritime empires in the period 1450-1750. What are the 5 countries?

CED 4.4 Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, French, British

What "fostered the growth of states in Africa" in the period 1450-1750?

CED 4.4 The expansion of maritime trading networks

According to the CED, what two African states became more important by participating in trading networks in the period 1450-1750?

CED 4.4 Asante, Kongo

What caused "some disruption and restructuring" in the Indian Ocean trade networks in the period 1450-1750?

CED 4.4 Arrival of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch merchants

Even after Europeans entered the Indian Ocean trade networks in the period 1450-1750, that trade "continued to flourish and included" what two groups/types of trade?

CED 4.4 Intra-Asian trade and Asian merchants

"Newly developed colonial economies in the Americas largely depended on" what?

CED 4.4 agriculture

What "existing labor system" did the Europeans use when they created colonial economies in the Americas?

CED 4.4 mit'a

The CED mentions that the Europeans "introduced new labor systems" when they created colonial economies in the Americas. What 4 new labor systems are mentioned?

CED 4.4 chattel slavery, indentured servitude, hacienda, encomienda

During the period 1450-1750, "slavery in Africa continued in its traditional forms." What 2 -- or 3, depending on how you count -- traditional forms are mentioned in the CED?

CED 4.4 incorporation of slaves into households, export of slaves to Mediterranean and Indian Ocean

During the period 1450-1750, for what purpose did European rulers use mercantilist policies and practices?

CED 4.5 expand and control their economies and claim overseas territories

During the period 1450-1750, for what purpose did European rulers and merchants use joint-stock companies?

CED 4.5 finance exploration,

During the period 1450-1750, for what purpose did European rulers --and not merchants-- use joint-stock companies?

CED 4.5 for rulers to compete against one another in global trade

During the period 1450-1750, the Atlantic trading system involved the movement of what three or four things?

CED 4.5 goods, wealth, labor (including slaves)

During the period 1450-1750, "the new global circulation of goods was facilitated by" what two things?

CED 4.5 chartered European monopoly companies and the global flow of silver

During the period 1450-1750, silver from the Spanish colonies in the Americas was used for what two things?

CED 4.5 purchase Asian goods for the Atlantic market, satisfy Chinese demand for silver

During the period 1450-1750, "regional markets continued to flourish in Afro-Eurasia by using" what two things?

CED 4.5 established commercial practices and new transoceanic and regional shipping services developed by European merchants

During the period 1450-1750, why did peasant and artisan labor continue and intensify in many regions of the world?

CED 4.5 demand for food and consumer goods increased

During the period 1450-1750, what two kinds of "restructuring" occurred?

CED 4.5 gender and family

During the period 1450-1750, what three groups' cultures merged to create a new "cultural synthesis" in the Americas?

CED 4.5 African, American, European

What "expanded the reach and furthered development of existing religions" in the period 1450-1750?

CED 4.5 increase and intensification of interactions between the hemispheres

"In some cases, the increase and intensification of interactions between newly connected hemispheres" led to what kind of conflict?

CED 4.5 religious conflict

"In some cases, the increase and intensification of interactions between newly connected hemispheres" led to the development of what?

CED 4.5 syncretic belief systems and practices

During the period 1450-1750, what did "state expansion and centralization" lead to?

CED 4.6 resistance from an array of social, political, and economic groups on a local level

During the period 1450-1750, what "challenged existing

authorities in the Americas"?

CED 4.6 slave resistance

During the period 1450-1750, "many states, such as the Mughal and Ottoman empires," had to adopt various policies to accommodate/get the most out of what/who?

CED 4.7 the ethnic and religious diversity of their subjects

During the period 1450-1750, what did some states other than the Mughals and Ottomans do in reaction to diversity in their populations?

CED 4.7 suppressed diversity or limited certain groups' roles in society, politics, economy

During the period 1450-1750, "imperial conquests and widening global economic opportunities contributed to the formation" of what?

CED 4.7 New political and economic elites

During the period 1450-1750, "the power of existing political and economic elites fluctuated as the elites confronted new challenges" to what?

CED 4.7 Their ability to affect the policies of increasingly powerful monarchs and leaders