Neuroscience of Communication : Chapter 5

Neuroanatomy of Nervous System Cranial Nerves

why do CN 1 and 2 differ from the other 10?

CN I and II are also distinct because they are the only two cranial nerves that project directly into either the brain or thalamus without passing through the brainstem.

afferent vs efferent

afferent to

efferent away

general vs special

gen - distributed throughout the body

speceial - nerves are restricted to specific zones.

somatic vs visceral

som - which include the skin, skeletal muscle, and joints

vis - including the organs, smooth muscle, and glands,

CN 1

• S, M, or Mixed

• originates? Ends?

• General vs special

• afferent vs efferent

• somatic vs visceral

• function

• test

ssa

olfactory smell

test

• coffee beans

CN 2

• S, M, or Mixed

• originates? Ends?

• General vs special

• afferent vs efferent

• somatic vs visceral

• function

• test

optic nerve ssa

visual sense

test

• smellen eye chart to see smallest prt

CN 3

• S, M, or Mixed

• originates? Ends?

• General vs special

• afferent vs efferent

• somatic vs visceral

• function

• test

occulomotor gse gve

motor - eye motion

test

• track a movement

CN 4

• S, M, or Mixed

• originates? Ends?

• General vs special

• afferent vs efferent

• somatic vs visceral

• function

• test

gse

eye rotation

test

• track something moving downward

CN 5

• S, M, or Mixed

• originates? Ends?

• General vs special

• afferent vs efferent

• somatic vs visceral

• function

• test

gsa sve

sensor y of fscial skin motor of mandible

test

• qtip on face

CN 6

• S, M, or Mixed

• originates? Ends?

• General vs special

• afferent vs efferent

• somatic vs visceral

• function. branches?

• test

gse

fully motor

test by looking at something with one eye without moving head

CN 7

• S, M, or Mixed

• originates? Ends?

• General vs special

• afferent vs efferent

• somatic vs visceral

• function

• test

sve gve sva gsa

facica lexpression, salviation, taste, touch near ear,

test

• facial symmertry

• can u produce tears and spit

• lemon juice

• qtip touch to ear

CN 8

• S, M, or Mixed

• originates? Ends?

• General vs special

• afferent vs efferent

• somatic vs visceral

• function. 2 divisions of this nerve..

• test

ssa

auditory vestibular

2 divisiona = vestibular and cochlear

test;

• pure tone audiotry

• spinning in chair and task

CN 9

• S, M, or Mixed

• originates? Ends?

• General vs special

• afferent vs efferent

• somatic vs visceral

• function

• test

sve gve sva gva gsa

not assessment becus its too internal

CN 10

• S, M, or Mixed

• originates? Ends?

• General vs special

• afferent vs efferent

• somatic vs visceral

• function

• test

sva gva sve gve gsa

taste, bp, pharyn and laryng, thorax and abdomen

test by voluntary cough and swallow test

CN 11

• S, M, or Mixed

• originates? Ends?

• General vs special

• afferent vs efferent

• somatic vs visceral

• function. branches? functions of SVE fibers?

• test

mve

motor - shoulder and neck

lift head off pillow and turn

CN 12

• S, M, or Mixed

• originates? Ends?

• General vs special

• afferent vs efferent

• somatic vs visceral

• function

• test

gse

motor

tongue circum around lip

sensory of anterior 2/3 of tongue

trigeminal

sensory of posterior 1/3 or tongue

glossopharyngeal

taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue

facial

taste of posteiror 1/3 of tongue

glossopharyngeal and vagus

tongue movement

hypoglossal

effects on speech with vagus nerve damage

breathiness

pitch change

aphonia

dysphagia no gag

vocal fatigue

damage below pharyngeal branch? but above superior laryngeal?

isolated pharyngeal and palatal motor paralysis

pharyngeal drooping

damage below superior laryngeal

recuurent larngeal nerve!

sensory - no sesnation to lower pharynx

motor-

• unilateral = coarse breath

• bilayer = difficulty breathing!

damage to pharyngeal only

damage to superior laryngeal

causes paralysis of the cricothyroid muscle, leading to reduced vocal pitch, a lower speaking range, vocal fatigue, and difficulty projecting the voic

which nerves are involved in the gag reflex and how ?

vagus nd glossopharyngeal

which nerves are involved in the cough reflex and how?

vagus