Unit 6 Vocab

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Allele

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Description and Tags

Definitions courtesy of Max Rivas

25 Terms

1

Allele

One or Two more versions of DNA Sequence at a given genomic location

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2

Epigenetics

The study of how cells control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence

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3

Gene

The basic physical and functional unit of hederdity

Made up of Organisms

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4

Genetics

The study of genes, genetic variation and heredity in organisms

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5

Genotype

Is the complete set of genetic material

Alleles or variants in an induvidual

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6

Phenotype

An individual’s observable traits, such as height,

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7

Meiosis

A type of cell division in sexually reproductive organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes

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8

Gametes

The reproductive cell of a plant or animal

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9

Fertilization

The union of 2 gametes

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10

Diploid

The presence of 2 complete sets of chromosomes in an organisms cells with each parent of contributing a chromosome pair

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11

Haploid

The presence or a single set of chromosomes in an organism cells

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12

Polar body

A cell that separated from the immature ovum during metosis and that continues a nucleus produced in the first or second division of metosis but very little cytoplasm

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13

Trait

A specific charachtistic of an individual

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14

Homozygous

2 of the same allels

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15

Heterozygous

2 different alleles

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16

Homologous chromosome

Paired chrosmosome

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17

Autosome

One of the numbered chromosomes as opposed to the sex chromosomes

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18

Sex chromosome

A type of chromosome involved in sex determination

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19

Carrier

An indivudiual who “carries” and can pass on to offspring a genome veriant

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20

Sex-linked gene

Characteristics that are influenced by genes carried on; the sex chromosome

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21

Incomplete dominance

A type of inherentence in which two versions (allels) of the same gene are expressed

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22

Codominance

A type of inheritance in which 2 versions (allels) of the same gene are expressed seperatly to yield different traits in an individual

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23

Polygenic trait

A characteristic such as height or skin color that is influenced by 2+ genes.

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24

Somatic Cell

any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.

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25

Egg

An organic vessel where an embryo develops and one in which the female of an animal species lay as a means of reproduction

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