social 30 - chapter 3-4

what is classical liberalism

a political ideology that values the freedom of individuals — including the freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and markets — as well as limited government.

what was the Haudenosaunee confederacy

• alliance between 6 indigenous bands
• first and longest lasting partipatory democracies in world
• main goal to live in harmony

what was the great law of peace

constitution of Haudenosaunee

• established diff levels of gov
• equal participation of people (women!!)
• rights + freedoms inspired writers of constitution

what's mercantilism

monarchy strictly controls trade to gather wealth from lower classes + colonies

what was the industrial revolution

1750-1850 Britain's tradition economy shifts from agricultural to factory

why was Britain the first to experience the industrial revolution?

myriad

1. warm water works + tons of boats
2. rise of wealthy middle class
3. parliamentary gov --> invested in economy --> interest in doing well
4. cheap labour

Adam smith

--> wealth of nations --> free trade, choice, competition --> hates mercantilism, collecting gold does not stimulate economy, true wealth is goods + services

Laissez-faire

Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs.

Invisible Hand

if left alone, the economy will regulate itself, people will unintentionally do good in society when looking out for themselves

supply and demand

an economic concept that states that the price of a good rises and falls depending on how many people want it (demand) and depending on how much of the good is available (supply)

compeitition

incentive for individuals to work harder and more efficiently

john stuart mills

--> alive during industrial rev --> saw workers being abused --capitalism has neg effects!!! --> harm principle -->rights as long as you do not interfere with someone else having rights --> individual choice!!! --> cant restrict others choice as long as it doesn't infringe on others

what did mills believe the govs role should be

1. preserve rule of law
2. protect private property
3. ensure the security of the individual

luddites

19th century skilled textile artisans being replaced by machines --> reacted with violence and destroyed machines --> movement crushed

chartists

working class movement in Britain --> political rights + influence for the working class --> didn't use violence, not much change

what was on the chartists peitition

1. universal male suffrage
2. equal sized electoral districts
3. voting by secret ballot
4. end to property qualifications for parliament
5. pay for parliament
6. annual elections

Socialism

economic system characterized by collective ownership of the means of production (land, labour capital)

socialism values

1. economic equality among citizens
2. welfare state --> gov protects the health and wellbeing of its citizens
3. high degree of state involvement in economy

robert owens

Socialist thinker and wealthy mill owner --> thought live in England sucked --> permanent cause of distress was competition of human labour with machinery

Robert owns belives

1. every one gets education
2. safe working/living conditions
3. comfortable housing for workers
4. outdoor reactionary areas
5. rewarded good behavior

marx

only way to overthrow capitalism is violent revolution --> division is bourgeoisie vs. proletariat

what is the means of production

land, labour, capital

marx ideas

1. abolition of private property
2. heavy progressive income tax
3. abolition of right of inheritance
4. equal obligation of all work
5. free education
6. collective ownership of means of production

marx ultimate goals

1. classless society
2. stateless society
3. no private property
4. no money
5. internationalism

classical conservatism

reaction to classical liberalism --> Edmund burke --> traditional class system society in hierarchical structure because people aren't equal stability is crucial

what is welfare capitalism and why did it come about

those with classical thought begrudgingly acknowledged that change was necessary to protect the welfare of workers --> classical liberal economics + gov legislation protects workers

Teddy Roosevelt and modern socialism

created progressivism --> womens sufferage --> protect natural resources --> prohibit child labour

what was the square deal

A term for President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program, formed upon three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection.