GCSE HISTORY - MIGRANTS TO BRITAIN - INDUSTRIAL

1750-1900

Why did Italians come to Britain in the late 19th century? - CAUSE

Italy became united but it was a harsh and violent process with warfare, military conscription, poverty ( due to changes in agriculture ) and outbreaks and cholera and typhus making people want to come to Britain.

When did the Italians come to Britain? - CAUSE

1871-81

How many people emigrated Italy to Britain? - CAUSE

thousands

Where did the Italian migrants settle?

half of them settled in London, particually in Clerkenwell which became known as “Little Italy”.

What did the Italian Migrants do for work? - EXPERIENCE

Lots ended up laying asphalt on roads or as musicians on the streets of London or by the seaside. However many were young boys working under the control of Italian gang masters. Some craftmen also came producing tiles, ceramics and picture frames which weren’t really developed before.

Give an example of Italians having a good experience ( excluding work )?

British women often marries Italian men, therefore they must be respected and unified into society and by 1900 there were Italian schools, churches and even a hospital in London.

Give an example of Italians having a bad experience ( excluding work )? - EXPERIENCE

Italians often faced prejudice for being catholic and people often blamed Cholera outbreaks on icecream.

What was the impact of Italian migrants? - IMPACT

they brought icecream to Britain. Craftmen produced tiles, ceramics and picture frames which weren’t so established in Britain beforehand.

Give an example of ice cream becoming popular in Britain? - IMPACT

Carolina and Carlo Tiani arrived in industrial Manchester in the 1880s and set up an Italian food shop where they sold their homemade ice cream to Manchester’s factory workers from carts around the streets. First making of ice cream available to the working class.

Why push factors encouraged german migrants to emigrate? - CAUSE

Violent wars of unification of Germany.

How many german migrants were there in Britain in 1861? - CAUSE

28000

What push factors encouraged german migrants to migrate? - CAUSE

Some political activists and thinkers such as Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels came as they enjoyed greater freedom of expression in Britain. Businessmen were attracted by Britain's economy and lack of government interference with business.

Was the german experience mainly good or bad and why? - EXPERIENCE

It was mainly good as there was hundreds of sucessfull german businesses in the 1800s and they were mostly protestant and rarely encountered prejudice.

Give an example of a case study for german experience? - EXPERIENCE

Johann Ellermann moved to Hull in 1850 and founded the shipping firm, J Ellermann and Co. His timing was perfect as more ships were being needed to transport goods across the British empire. He made a fortune.

What was the impact of german migrants? - IMPACT

They created businesses and helped the british economy flourish at that time and also brought sausages and the English breakfast.

Why did Jewish migrants start to come post 1750? - CAUSE

restrictions were being lifted and they believed anti-semitism was a thing of the past.

When were Jews allowed to trade again with Britain? -CAUSE

1830

When were Jews allowed to serve on a jury and work as a lawyer? -CAUSE

1833.

What Jewish migrants came in 1881? - CAUSE

Traditional Jews from Eastern Europe who wore traditional clothes, many only spoke Yiddish and nearly all were very poor.

What were the push factors for Jewish migrants emigrating in 1881? - CAUSE

They were fleeing persecution in the Russian empire. During 19th century pogroms ( organised massacres ) happened against Jews. They peaked in 1881-4 where 200 pogroms took place.

Where were the Jewish migrants who arrived in 1881 from? - CAUSE

Eastern Europe and Russia.

What were the push factors for the Jews arriving in 1881? - CAUSE

Britain was cheaper than America, where many of the richer Jews went, and it seemed safe as they believed anti-semitism was a thing of the past and Britain already had a settled community of Jews.

What was the experience for the middle class Jews that came to Britain? - EXPERIENCE

It was, to some extent, good as Britain became much more tolerant to Jews. In 1798 Nathaniel Rothschild founded the Rothschild Bank which helped finance Britain’s wars against Napoleon. in 1855 Sir David Solomons became the first Lord Major of London and in 1858 Lionel de Rothschild became the first Jewish MP.

Where did the Jewish migrants who came in 1881 live? - EXPERIENCE

They crowded into existing Jewish settlements in the east of London and other cities ( Manchester, Leeds. ) They particually gathered around Whitechapel.

What sort of lifestyle did the Jewish migrants who came in 1881 live? -EXPERIENCE

A very traditional lifestyle. They wore traditional clothes, stuck to their native language of Yiddish and lived in very close-knit communities.

What did existing middle class Jews think of the lower class Jews who arrived in 1881? - EXPERIENCE.

They worried as they thought they could lead to backlash against Jews.

What help was provided for the Jews who arrived in 1881? - EXPERIENCE

Some people set up soup kitchens and charities, such as the Board of Guardians.

What was finding work like for the Jews who arrived in 1881? - EXPERIENCE

It was difficult, especially for women.

What did the Jews who arrived in 1881 do for work? -EXPERIENCE

Some worked in the huge Bryant and May match company, but this had the danger of phoperous posining. However most common form of employment was in sweatshops were Jews sewed cheap clothes as fast a possible for little pay. Often this was on Petticoat lane in London.

Did the Jews who arrived in 1881 have a good or bad experience overall? - EXPERIENCE

Bad - over crowded accomodation, didn’t mix with society, hard to find work, little wages.

What was the impact of Jews in the industrial period?

Marks and Spencers, Burtons and Moss Bros were all started by Eastern European Jews who came to England in 1881.

Where did the Irish migrants come to? - CAUSE

Liverpool, settled in industrial towns of the North West and Scotland.

What were the push factors for Irish emigrants? -CAUSE

There wasn’t abundance of work - The only large industrial city in Ireland was Belfast and most industrial jobs were reserved for protestants, not catholics.

High Rents - Many poor Catholics lived in poverty on English-owned estates in Ireland, rents were high and residents were treated badly.

They lost land previously - Protestant settlers were encouraged to emigrate to Ireland in the 16th and 17th centurys and were given land at the expense of poor Catholics.

Potato Blight - caused famine in Ireland, food prices rose quickly and tenants were evicted for not paying rent.

What were the pull factors for Irish migrants coming to England? - CAUSE

The industry work, especially in the North East from the industrial revulution.

Did the British government help the Irish migrants? - EXPERIENCE

No, they gave little practical support to help the starving Irish, even allowing grain to be exported that could have fed the hungry.

Describe prejudice towards Irish Migrants. - EXPERIENCE

As more Irish settlers came to England, the more intolerance and prejudice increased.