IMF and Phases of Matter Test

vapor pressure

the pressure/tendency at which a liquid turns into a gas

viscosity

the resistance to flow

surface tension

the cohesion of molecules at the surface

atmospheric pressure

the pressure exerted from the atmosphere (atm)

vaporization

the conversion of a solid or liquid into a gas

pressure

the amount of force exerted from atoms

critical point

the point at which the liquid and gas are indistinguishable (after that point, the substance will remain a gas no matter what the pressure is)

gas

state of matter with a variable shape and volume

dipole-dipole

intermolecular force where the positive end of one molecule aligns with the negative of another polar molecule to achieve maximum attraction

london dispersion

weak intermolecular force where the electrons of molecules gather onto one end creating temporary dipole forces (only force present in nonpolar molecules)

hydrogen bonding

a strong dipole force where the hydrogen atoms are bonded to highly electronegative atoms (N, O, F) causing the positive hydrogen end to be attracted to the negative end of other molecules

sublimation

conversion of a gas to a solid

normal melting point

the temperature at which a solid will become a liquid at 1 atm (STP0

temperature

a unit of measurement that shows the average kinetic energy of all atoms in a substance

triple point

the pressure and temperature at which all three states (solid, liquid, and gas) can coexist in equilibrium

liquid

state of matter where there is a definite volume but indefinite shape (can take the shape of a container)

volatility

the rate at which a liquid becomes a gas (the tendency of a liquid becomes a gas)

evaporation

the conversion of a liquid into a gas

boiling point

the temperature at which a liquid will start to boil and become a gas

normal boiling point

the temperature at which a liquid will become a gas at 1 atm

deposition

conversion of a gas into a solid

kinetic energy

the energy of a particle in motion

melting

process of adding heat to a solid to turn it into a gas

solid

state of matter with a definite shape and volume

intramolecular force

bond that exists inside of molecules

intermolecular force

force that exists between two or more molecules

covalent bond

bond where two nonmetals share valence electrons

ionic bond

bond where the metal transfers electrons to the nonmetal

condensation

conversion of a gas to a liquid

potential energy

energy stored in a particle because of position, composition, or arrangement

freezing

process of taking away heat from a liquid to convert it into a solid