vitamin and mineral replacement and nutritional support

fat soluble vitamins

vitamin A (allen)

vitamin D (doesn’t)

vitamin E (exclude)

vitamin K (kitkats-fat)

vitamin a

vision and bone growth

carrots

vitamin d

calcium metabolism

vitamin e

protects immune system and forms red blood cells

vitamin k

needed to produce prothrombin (clotting)

water soluble vitamins

vitamin b complex (bathing suit)

vitamin c (cool water)

vitamin b copmlex

coenzymes essential to metabolic processesv

vitamin c

helps repair tissues, helps body grow and protects cells from damage

reasons for vitamin pharmacotherapy

poor nutritional intake

pregnancy (prenatal!)

chronic disease states (GI issues, CKD)

lipid soluble vitamins need to be ingested with

lipids in order to be absorbed in the small intestine

what is a risk for toxicity for fat soluble vitamins

an excessive intake could cause it to just stick there and not metabolize (sugar on peanut butter)

metabolizing with water soluble

sugaring dissolving in water

why do babies get vitamin k injections

they don’t have any microbial flora (haven’t eaten anything)

prototype for lipid soluble vitamins

vitamin a

vitamin a action

essential for general growth and development

wound healing

night vision

primary use for vitamin a

pregnancy, lactation

undernutrition

night blindness

slow wound healing

acne, psoriasis

SE of vitamin a

acute ingestion = serious CNS toxicity

long-term ingestion of high amounts = alopecia, vomiting, drying/scaling skin

vitamin c deficiency can cause

scurvy (decreased wound healing)

b1 (thiamine) deficiency can cause

beriberi (high hr, confusion, numbness)

b3 (niacin) deficiency can cause

pellagra (4 Ds: diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis, death)

b12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency can cause

pernicious or megaloblastic anemia

b2 (riboflavin), b9 (folic acid), b6 (pyridoxine) deficiency can indicate

need for pharmacotherapy with water-soluble vitamins

prototype for water soluble vitamins

b9 (folic acid)

action of folic acid (b9)

administered to reverse sx of folate deficiency

primary use of folic acid (b9)

during pregnancy to promote normal fetal growth

SE of folic acid (b9)

uncommon

may feel flushed after iv injection

hypersensitivity

minerals

very small amounts needed to maintain normal metabolism

excess minerals can be toxic

prototype for mineral supplement pharmacotherapy

magnesium sulfate

action of magnesium sulfate

essential for proper neuromuscular function

for preeclamptic pts (preg with high bp)

primary use for magnesium sulfate

hypomagnesium

prevent/terminate eclampsia seizures

oral forms for complete evaluation of the colon

SE of magnesium sulfate

overdose signs: flushing, confusion, intense thirst, muscle weakness

extreme levels cause neuromuscular blockade, circulatory collapse

a client is admitted to the emergency department after taking high doses vitamin b vitamin d. The nurse is more concerned about the vitamin d because

vitamin d is fat soluble

a client with pernicious anemia most likely has a deficiency of

vitamin b12

a client is taking iron supplementation. It is most important for the nurse to instruct the patient to

increase fluid intake to avoid urinary calculi

enteral nutrition methods for delivery

bolus (fast)

infusion (intermittent drip, continuous drip, cyclic infusion)

complications of enteral nutrition

dehydration

aspiration

diarrhea

enteral nutrition safety

A septic technique

L abel enteral equipment

E levate the head of the bed at least 30 degrees

R ight patient, right formula, right tube

T race all lines and tubing back to client

TPN

include peripheral vein (short-term) and central vein (long-term)

complications of TPN

air embolism

Valsalva maneuver

air embolism prevention

tell pt to bare down like their trying to poop

wegovy

semaglutide (obesity treatment)

made for diabetes

saxenda

liraglutide (obesity treatment)

made for diabetes

saxenda concerns

thyroid cancer

obesity treatments: trulicity

dulaglutide

obesity treatments: victoza

liraglutide

obesity treatments: ozempic

semaglutide

obesity treatments: zepbound

tirezepatide

tirezepatide

works on 2 receptors

full longer and keeps you from thinking about food

when are obesity treatments given

for BMI of 30 or above

SE of obesity treatments

GI sx

hypoglycemia

alopecia

possible thyroid tumors, thyroid cancer, AKI, hypersensitivity

a client is receiving enteral feedings. The nurse identifies all of the following as complications of enteral feeding except.

urinary retention

a postoperative client has been ordered to receive enteral feedings via a ng tube. What best indicates to the nurse that the patient is ready for these feedings.

positive bowel sounds