chaper 1-3

Transmission and distribution

The sector in which one-fourth of the workers in the electric power industry are involved.

Conditions affecting electrical shock severity

Physical and environmental factors including body size, skin moisture, and surrounding humidity.

Types of electricity-related burns

The two primary classifications of burns caused by electricity: electrical burn and arc flash.

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Safety equipment worn to minimize hazards, including gloves, safety glasses, and flame-resistant clothing.

Ladder leveler

An accessory utilized when a ladder must be placed on an uneven surface.

Metal scaffold

A temporary work platform that must be grounded when used for electrical work.

Lockout device

A safety device that prevents the release of electrical energy.

Electrical shock victim separation procedure

Using a nonconductive object to separate the conductor from a coworker who is suffering an electrical shock.

Transmission and distribution

A major sector of work listed within the electric power industry.

Inspection

A category of employment and career path listed in the electric power industry.

Maintenance

A career sector and category of work identified in Chapter 1 Electrical Careers.

Communication

A work division listed as an employment category within the electric power industry.

OSHA's Construction Focus Four

A program addressing the four most common types of injuries in the construction environment: falls, electrocution, struck by, and caught-in or caught between.

Severity of an electrical shock

The intensity of physiological harm from an electric shock, which is directly related to the amount of current.

Arc flash

A hazardous electrical discharge producing intense heat that is capable of melting metal.

Electrical burns

Thermal or tissue injuries caused by electric current that can be severe and life threatening.

Transmission and distribution

The electrical industry division employing one-fourth of workers responsible for constructing and maintaining systems carrying power from generating plants to consumers.

Plastic-handled tools

Hand tools whose plastic grips are not all considered to be insulated against electrical shock.

Lockout device

A safety mechanism that may be removed only by the specific individual working on the circuit.

Last step in the lockout procedure

Testing the equipment and circuit to be sure that energy is disconnected.

Ladders and scaffolds

Elevated work structures from which falls constitute a large percentage of workplace injuries.

Fish tape

A tool used to pull wires through conduit.

Pipe reamer

A tool used to remove the burr inside the cut end of conduit.

Blanket heater

A device recommended according to the NEC to heat nonmetallic conduit for bending.

Pipe cutter

A tool for cutting conduit that has the disadvantage of creating a large burr.

Automatic wire strippers

A tool designed to cut and remove wire insulation.

Electrician's hammer

A hammer that is similar in design to a claw hammer.

Hammer drill

A tool well suited for making large holes in masonry.

Torpedo level

A compact level small enough to be carried in a tool pouch.

Arc Flash

The result of an electrical short-circuit through the air or across inadequate insulation.

PPE

The clothing and equipment you must wear for protection from known hazards.

Basic PPE

Equipment that should always be available, including gloves, safety glasses, a hard hat, and flame-resistant clothes.

Insulated Tools

Tools that feature a nonconductive covering.

Lockout

A procedure that prevents the release of energy by attaching one or more locks to switches, breakers, valves, and enclosures.

OSHA

An acronym standing for Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Blockout

A device that stops dangerous machinery if energy is accidentally applied.

Tagout

An identification procedure used alongside energy control devices.

811

The phone number for the national Call Before You Dig operator line.

Marked Utility Line Excavation

A protocol requiring workers to always dig with a shovel when excavating within $24\text{''}$ of a marked utility line.

Ladder Wall Distance Rule

If a ladder is $16\text{ ft}$ long and resting against a wall, the bottom end should be placed $4\text{ ft}$ away from the wall.

Electric Power Industry Employment

The sector where one-fourth of all industry workers are involved in transmission and distribution.

Preventive maintenance

Routine upkeep that comprises a large portion of a maintenance electrician's duties.

Electrical inspector

A professional who must know and be able to explain the codes that govern residential and commercial installations.

Résumé

A brief outline of a person's education, work experience, and other qualifications.

Personal reference

A person whose permission should be obtained before listing them on job application materials.

Line installers and repairers

Workers who construct and maintain the network of power lines that carry electricity from generating plants to consumers.

Troubleshooters

Experienced line installers and repairers assigned to special crews that handle emergencies.

Letter of application

A letter that should always accompany a résumé when requested.

Punctual

The quality of an employee who is consistently prompt and on time.

Nonverbal communication

The sending and receiving of messages without the use of words.

Negotiation

The process of agreeing to an issue that requires all parties to give and take.

Cover letter

A letter of application included with a résumé.

Critical-thinking skills

Higher-level skills that enable you to think beyond the obvious to make decisions and solve problems.

Apprenticeship

A professional training path to become an electrician that usually lasts $4$ years.

On-the-job training

A method to gain quality instruction to be an electrician other than formal training.

Line installers and repairers

The trade group that makes up the largest single occupation in the electric power industry.

Cable splicers

Personnel who install and repair insulated cables on utility poles and towers.

Uncertain income

A condition associated with business ownership that is not considered an advantage.

Maintenance electricians

Professionals responsible for keeping lighting and electrical equipment in good working order.

Construction electricians

Professionals who install wiring and equipment for new residential and commercial buildings.

Electrical inspectors

Professionals who must be able to recognize incorrect construction and installation methods.

Power line troubleshooters

Workers who handle emergency calls and have a thorough knowledge of the company's transmission and distribution network.

Cable splicers

Workers who install insulated cables on utility poles and underground.

Load dispatchers

Operators who control the flow of electricity over transmission and distribution lines.

Insulated tools

Tools that must carry an appropriate voltage rating for the maximum voltage of the circuits on which they are being used.

Wire strippers

Tools specifically designed for stripping solid and stranded wire.

Stranded wire

A wire type that is slightly larger in diameter than solid wire of the same gage.

Whetstone

A sharpening tool that can be used to sharpen an electrician's knife.

Needle-nose pliers

Pliers useful for bending a wire end that will be attached to a receptacle.

Reciprocating saw

A power saw capable of cutting through steel conduit.

Conduit burr

A rough edge created inside conduit during cutting that must be removed.

Rotary hammer drill

A heavy-duty tool used for drilling into masonry.

Wedges

Items that may be used to repair loose wooden handles on striking tools.

Level

A tool containing a clear tube with fluid and an air bubble used for alignment.

box heater

A device for heating nonmetallic electrical conduit to the proper bending temperature.

cable ripper

A tool for cutting the outer jacket of electrical cable for removal.

fish tape

A long metal, fiberglass, or nylon tape in a spool, used to pull wires through walls or conduit.

fuse pullers

Insulated gripping tools for removing and installing fuses.

grooved joint pliers

Pliers with adjustable jaws to accommodate a range of sizes of bolts, nuts, pipe, etc.

hydraulic bender

A conduit bender that uses a hydraulic pump for bending.

lineman's hammer

A heavy hammer, like a mallet, used to drive ground rods into the earth.

lineman's pliers

Pliers with a square nose for pulling wire. Most also have cutting jaws.

locking pliers

Pliers that, when squeezed, will remain locked on an object until a release lever is engaged.

long tape rule

A steel or cloth tape that may be as long as 100' or 150'.

needle-nose pliers

Pliers with a long, skinny nose for bending wire ends and for reaching into tight spaces.

pliers

A tool used for gripping or cutting.

reamer

Hand tool that removes the burrs left behind after cutting metal conduit.

reciprocating saw

A power tool with a cutting blade that moves back and forth to provide the cutting action.

sharpening stone

A hard, fine-grained stone used to sharpen knife blades.

Standard steel tape measure

The most frequently used measuring tool.

Long tape rule

The tool used to take measurements that extend beyond the reach of a standard steel tape.

Folding rule

A measuring tool with the benefit of being nonconductive.

Level

The best tool to use for making devices plumb.

Lineman's pliers

A tool designed to cut, grab, and bend wire.

Wire stripper circular notches

Circular openings engineered to the correct size to prevent nicking the conductor.

Cable ripper

A tool used to cut the jacket on multiconductor cables.

Fuse pullers

A tool best used to remove cartridge-type fuses.

Hickey

A tool that bends conduit with multiple movements per bend.

Allen wrench set

A tool set that may be needed to tighten lugs on panels and load centers.

Tool Pouch

The item in which the tools used most often should be carried.