Unit 1 Introduction to Science (Physics)

What is Physics?

The study of nature and how nature works

What are the three sciences?

Physics, Chemistry, and Biology

What is the scientific method used for?

To explore observations, test ideas, and answer questions through repeatable experiments and logical analysis

What are the 9 steps to the scientific method in order?

1. Pose a Question

2. Form a hypothesis

3. Make a prediction

4. Test the Hypothesis

5. Falsify the Hypothesis

6. Form other hypotheses to see if the original can be falsified

7. Combine hypotheses into theories

8. Define clear and reliable observations as facts

9. Define a theory that remains unfalsified even after rigorous testing as a law

How do we accurately record observations of nature?

Measurements

What are the two essential characteristics of objects?

1. A number that represents a quantity

2. A unit that represents a standard of measure

What are the 4 common measures in physics?

1. Distance

2. Time

3. Mass

4. Temperature

What is distance?

Tells us how far something goes or how long it is

What is time?

Tells us how long an object behaves a particular way

What is Mass?

Tells us how much matter is in an object.

What is temperature?

Tells us how hot an object is.

What is distance measured in?

1. Meters(m)

2. Kilometers(km)

3. Centimeters(cm)

4. Milimeters(mm)

What is time measured in?

1. Hours(h)

2. Minutes(min)

3. Seconds(s)

What is mass measure in?

1. Kilograms(kg)

2. Gram(g)

3. Miligram(mg)

What is temperature measured in?

1. Degrees Celsius(*C)

2. Degrees Fahrenheit(*F)

3. Kelvin(K)

What are the two most common rate measures?

1. Speed

2. Acceleration

What is speed?

The change in position as the quantity of time changes

What is acceleration?

The change in speed as the quantity of time changes

What is a rate?

How the quantity of one unit changes as the quantity of another unit changes

Whats the SI unit for speed?

meters per second (m/s)

Whats the SI unit for acceleration?

meters per second per second (m/s²)

Why do we use per when talking about rates?

Because we are comparing changes in one measure to changes in another

Write the prefix, symbol, number, and scientific notation for Millionth.

1. Micro

2. u

3. 0.000001

4. 1 × 10E-6

Write the prefix, symbol, number, and scientific notation for Thousanth.

1. Mili

2. m

3. 0.001

4. 1 × 10E-3

Write the prefix, symbol, number, and scientific notation for Hundreth.

1. Centi

2. c

3. 0.01

4. 1 × 10E-2

Write the prefix, symbol, number, and scientific notation for Tenth.

1. Deci

2. d

3. 0.1

4. 1 × 10E-1

Write the prefix, symbol, number, and scientific notation for Thousand.

1. Kilo

2. k

3. 1000

4. 1 × 10E3

Write the prefix, symbol, number, and scientific notation for Million.

1. Mega

2. M

3. 1,000,000

4. 1 × 10E6

Write the prefix, symbol, number, and scientific notation for Billion.

1. Giga

2. G

3. 1,000,000,000

4. 1 × 10E9

What is a linear relationship?

As any quantity increases, the other quantity increases or decreases proportionately.

What shape does a linear equation make?

A straight line

What is the equation for a linear equation?

y = mx + b

What does the y in y = mx + b represent?

The dependent variable

What does the m in y = mx + b represent?

The slope of the equation.

What does the x represent in y = mx + b?

The independent variable.

What does the b represent in y = mx + b?

The y intercept.

What is the independent variable?

a variable that represents a quantity that is being manipulated or changed

What is the dependent variable?

a quantity whose value depends on how the independent variable is manipulated or changed

What is the y intercept in a linear equation?

The point where the line crosses the vertical y-axis

What is an inverse relationship?

A relationship where the value of the dependent variable increases as the dependent variable decreases.

What is the equation for an inverse relationship?

y=k/x where k is a number

Whats the shape of a quadratic relationship?

A parabola U or n

What is a quadratic relationship?

When the independent variable increases, the dependent variable first increases then decreases or first decreases then increases

Theory

well-supported set of ideas or principles that explains a group of facts or phenomena

Fact

something that actually exists, happens, or can be proven true by evidence and observation